BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. Masters were not to work slaves on the Sabbath; they had to provide slaves with adequate food and clothing and could not murder them. South Carolinians thought it was possible that the enslaved peoples' African origins had contributed to the rebellion. Although the rebels failed in their attempt to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom under Spanish rule, the revolt shaped South Carolina slave society in some important ways and its legacy lingered for years after the event. The reaction of the white colonists to this rebellion is telling of their fear of an uprising. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by enslaved people against enslavers in colonial America. The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, the Stono Rebellion revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Ever fearful of an uprising among enslaved New Yorkers, the city's whites spread rumors that the fires were part of a massive slave revolt in which slaves would murder whites, burn the city, and take over the colony. What did not motivate South Carolina slaves to remain subservient to their masters? As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who controlled these enslaved peoples' labor production and lives. Why was the Battle of Yorktown important? Though there was a decline in the importation of newly enslaved people between 1750 and 1808, this period still saw approximately 100,000 to 250,000 new slaves imported from Africa and the Caribbean. The most effective way to secure a freer America with more opportunity for all is through engaging, educating, and empowering our youth. Their violent treatment and disciplinary actions towards slaves. But Stono was the catalyst. An impromptu militia of white planters used weapons to wound and maim the rebellious slaves. Why was Shays' Rebellion a turning point? The South Carolina legislature decreed that all slaves must be emancipated. The previous year, seventy slaves from South Carolina had traveled over water and land as they fled successfully to Florida and freedom. From Stono River, the rebels moved to Stono Bridge, where they equipped themselves with guns, killed five whites, and burned a house. Each rebel was granted the due process of law but was found guilty and executed. This Narrative should follow the Origins of the Slave Trade Narrative in Chapter 1. In August 1739, the colonial assembly passed a law requiring planters to go to church armed in case of a slave revolt or an escape. This further restricted slaves activities, including their ability to assemble, grow their own food, earn any money, or learn to read. Slave owners, on the other hand, kept a watchful eye and constantly sought ways to keep slaves obedient and accepting of their condition. "Impact of the Stono Rebellion on the Lives of Enslaved People." Some of the slaves in the plantations hid their masters and even drove off the rebels, either too frightened to join the rebellion or genuinely concerned for their owners. That all {people}, who shall hereinafter teach or cause any slave or slaves to be taught, to write, or shall use or employ any slave as a scribe in any manner of writing whatsoever, hereafter taught to write, every such person and persons, shall, for every such offense, forfeit the sum of one hundred pounds current money., An Act for the Better Orderings and Governing Negros and Other Slaves in this Province, May 10, 1740. 4. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed. The Stono Rebellion reminded whites that although they had successfully discovered conspiracies in 1714 and 1720, not all plots could be detected. Africans who remained enslaved often bargained with their masters over the terms of their enslavement; some bartered extra work for better food and clothing; others seized small privileges such as books and dared the master to revoke them. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Enslavers prohibited their workers from leaving the plantation without special passes and called on poor white neighbors to patrol the countryside at night for those enslaved people attempting to run away. Why was the Battle of Philippi important? The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Cato s Conspiracy or Catos Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Many were killed on the spot, others executed later, but there were rumors of rebels still at large for more than two years after the rebellion. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Why was the slave revolt of 1811 covered up? Along their march to Florida, they were joined by other fugitive slaves, numbering up to one hundred total before they were stopped. forcing conversion to Christianity as a method of breaking language and culture. Which of the following was a practice of slave owners in the northern colonies that was later adopted more fully by southern plantation owners? First, there was a change and increase in the violence and disciplinary measures used to punish rebellious enslaved Africans, as a method of controlling the enslaved population through fear. Let's find out. White Southerners managed to derail the other planned rebellions . Why was the American Anti-Slavery Society important? Vox, Lisa. In his book "American Negro Slave Revolts" (1943), historian Herbert Aptheker estimates that over 250 rebellions of enslaved people occurred in the United States between 1619 and 1865. Slavery and Abolition 17, no. But Stono was the catalyst. 3 AntiSlavery Engraving from American Anti-Slavery Almanac. A smallpox epidemic had raged through the area the previous year, and yellow fever was spreading. 3. Third, there was a decline in the importation of new slaves as plantation owners centralized control over their enslaved labor. Although Bacon died of fever a month later and the rebellion fell apart, Virginias wealthy planters were shaken by the fact that a rebel militia that united white and black servants and slaves had destroyed the colonial capital. The Stono Rebellion took place near the Stono River in South Carolina. Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. What was a result of the Stono Rebellion quizlet? It solidified slavery in a way that it hadnt been before, and probably would have happened anyway. A grim fate often awaited slaves who were recaptured in the aftermath of rebellions. It is also probable that many of the rebels were recently imported from the Kingdom of Kongo and that their religious beliefs (a syncretic form of Catholicism) influenced the uprising's timing. Their concern stemmed from racial fear, cultural differences, and the enslaved population outnumbered white colonists. What happened in this rebellion, when was it, and how significant was this rebellion for enslaved people? Increased fear among white plantation owners, Implementation of laws that restricted slave movements and freedoms, Freedom for those who instigated the rebellion, Deaths of white people and black people in Charleston, Freedom for all the enslaved peoples in the rebellion, A reorganization of plantation labor to create wage-based jobs, New laws that attempted to further restrict the autonomy of enslaved people. Why was the Battle of Fort Sumter important? The Stono Rebellion in 1739, Gabriel Prosser's conspiracy in 1800, Denmark Vesey's plot in 1822, and Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831 are the most prominent revolts by enslaved people in American history. 2 What was a result of the Stono Rebellion quizlet? Minutes later, they burst into Hutcheson's store at Stono's bridge, killed the two storekeepers, and stole the guns and powder inside. Why is the Nicaraguan Revolution important? BRIs Comprehensive US History digital textbook, BRIs primary-source civics and government resource, BRIs character education narrative-based resource. The Negro Act severely restricted the lives of South Carolina's enslaved people. Plantation owners increased the harshness of their disciplinary actions against unruly slaves. The Stono Rebellion, which erupted on Sunday, September 9th, 1739, was led by an enslaved man named Jemmy. To rest and also to draw more slaves to their ranks, they decided to delay crossing the Edisto River. Cry Liberty: The Great Stono River Slave Rebellion of 1739. The slaves may have been hoping to reach St. Augustine, Florida, where the Spanish were offering freedom and land to any fugitive slave. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Vox, Lisa. The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Catos Conspiracy or Catos Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Up to one hundred enslaved Africans in South Carolina rebelled against their owners, killing many, and then attempted to march to Spanish-controlled Florida where fugitive slaves would be granted freedom. https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/stono-rebellion, "Stono Rebellion They had planned their rebellion for this day. Stono Rebellion road marker, South Carolina, July 2009. No longer could they assemble on their own, nor could they grow their food, learn to read, or work for money. ." Smith, Mark M. "Remembering Mary, Shaping Revolt: Reconsidering the Stono Rebellion." Which of the following was a covert way in which enslaved people resisted their forced labor? What economic activity in South Carolina relied on slave labor? A system of rewards for slaves who betrayed plots and imminent revolts was initiated, and finally, South Carolina tried to inspire loyalty to their owners by introducing slaves to a slanted form of Christianity. Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country 17401790. In response to the uprising, South Carolina soon passed the Negro Act of 1740. The example of the Stono insurrection inspired some northern abolitionist literature in the antebellum period and remained in the memories of African Americans well into the twentieth century. The man pictured here was one of thirteen burned at the stake after a slave rebellion in New York City in 1741, two years after the Stono Rebellion. 2 (1996): 2250. The rebellion was stopped by a white militia, with many African rebels being killed or executed for their role in the revolt. Which European rival to the British issued a proclamation enticing slaves to run away to Florida for freedom? The rebellion occurred on Sunday, 9 September, which is significant as Sunday was the enslaved people's day of rest. How did the Stono Rebellion change slavery? The Spanish proclamation went into effect in 1733, but it was enforced only with the arrival of a new Florida governor, Manuel Montiano, in 1737. ThoughtCo, Dec. 18, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410. What was the significance of Bacons rebellion? The slaves killed the men and left their heads on the front steps. Compared with enslaved people in other regions, they had a fair amount of autonomy to determine the means by which they would labor for their masters. Why was the Battle of Saratoga important? Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Virginia with 490,867 slaves took the lead and was followed by Georgia (462,198), Mississippi (436,631), Alabama (435,080), and South Carolina (402,406). XXXVI. True or False: the Stono Rebellion was the first uprising of enslaved Africans in the British American Colonies. It was not only a large rebellion but the largest in the history of the American Colonies. a person who, Stones in My Passway, Hellhound on My Trail, Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook University, State University of New York: Distance Learning Programs, Stony Brook University, State University of New York: Narrative Description, Stony Brook University, State University of New York: Tabular Data, https://www.encyclopedia.com/defense/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/stono-rebellion, Slavery in the Upper South (AR, NC, TN, VA). Lisa Vox, Ph.D. is a History professor, lecturing at several universities. More than 20 white colonists were killed, and around 50 slaves were killed in the rebellion. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. 5 Illustration of the execution of people for conspiring the burn down of New York. The basic cause of the Stono Rebellion was the fact that society in South Carolina was changing with large numbers of new slaves being brought to the colony. It was the largest enslaved rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. Why was Fort Sumter important to the Confederacy? You can be a part of this exciting work by making a donation to The Bill of Rights Institute today! Several factors played a role in the timing of the rebellion. It is also likely that the slaves viewed a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September and rumors of war between Spain and England as fortuitous to their timing of the insurrection. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. See also:Bacon Rebellion; Revolution and Radical Reform; Slavery and the Homefront, 17751783; Slavery in America. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Henretta, J. The white community set out in armed pursuit, and by dusk half the slaves were dead and half had escaped; most were eventually captured and executed. What was the reason behind the Stono Rebellion? These anxieties and worries came to fruition in the Stono Rebellion. It was the first rebellion in the American Colonies in which the frontiersmen took part. By February 1739, at least sixty-nine enslaved people had escaped to St. Augustine in Florida. It is likely that the slaves organized their revolt to take place before September 29, when a certain provision was to go into effect requiring all white men to carry firearms to Sunday . By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. Stono Rebellion. The white population was convinced enslaved people and poor white people were conspiring to burn down the city. When enslaved people were unable to rebel directly, they performed subtle acts of resistance, ranging from work slow-downs to feigning illness. According to a contemporary account, they then halted in a field and set to dancing, Singing and beating Drums to draw more Negroes to them.. Published in 1994 Its 100% free. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. The Stono Rebellion was a significant slave rebellion in South Carolina in 1739 near River Stono. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The basic cause of the Stono Rebellion was the fact that society in South Carolina was changing with large numbers of new slaves being brought to the colony. The answer is that they sometimes did. Have all your study materials in one place. Around 100 Africans rose in revolt in 1739. Omissions? Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410. Why was the Compromise of 1850 important? The band of rebels hit a series of businesses and homes, recruiting more enslaved people and killing the enslavers and their families. The original rebels may have forced some of their recruits to join the rebellion. In our resource history is presented through a series of narratives, primary sources, and point-counterpoint debates that invites students to participate in the ongoing conversation about the American experiment. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. . Other enslaved people from the area joined them to find refuge in the Spanish colony. CLASS: It exposed resentments between backcountry frontiersmen against wealthy planters in Virginia. The Stono Rebellion exemplified the precariousness of white colonists clinging to power over their slaves. 6. The Protestant Revolution of 1689, sometimes called Coodes Rebellion after one of its leaders, John Coode, took place in the Province of Maryland when Puritans, by then a substantial majority in the colony, revolted against the proprietary government led by the Roman Catholic Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore. The rebels began the march to Florida with military drums accompanying them. What happened to the rebelling slaves at the end of the rebellion? The Stono Rebellion was only a few years in the past, and throughout British America, fears of similar incidents were still fresh. . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The causes of the Stono Rebellion were the changes in the treatment of the enslaved Africans in South Carolina and the Spanish governor in Florida proposing freedom to fugitive slaves from the American Colonies. The details of the 1739 event are uncertain, as documentation for the incident comes from only one firsthand report and several secondhand reports. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. This problem has been solved! The white community set out in armed pursuit, and by dusk half the slaves were dead and half had escaped; most were eventually captured and executed. Although the Stono Rebellion was very important in the history of South Carolina, it was not well documented. The slave revolt was unsuccessful, and it ended up making things worse for slaves in the colony. Although these provisions placed tighter controls on slaves, they were not wholly effectual in regulating slave behavior. Stono's Rebellion September 9, 1739 Early on the morning of Sunday, September 9, 1739, 20 black slaves met in secret near the Stono River in South Carolina to plan their escape to freedom. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. 2015-2020 University of South Carolina aws. South Carolina slaves continued to revolt and conspire periodically throughout the colonial and antebellum period. We equip students and teachers to live the ideals of a free and just society. Moreover, the drive for profit ensured that the moratorium on the slave trade lasted only three years, and by the mid 1740s, African slaves were again being imported at a rate and level that ensured that South Carolina's black population would remain large. In the 1760s, an enslaved person in Virginia killed four white planters, and other small plots to kill owners were successful. "'A Countryside Full of Flames': A Reconsideration of the Stono Rebellion and Slave Rebelliousness in the Early Eighteenth-Century South Carolina Lowcountry." A more concerted effort was made to eradicate their language and customs. Many choose to afflict great harm on one individual as an example for others instead of mass physical violence. A slave is usually acquired by purchase and legally described as chattel, The white male political and social power structure in the American colonies and slaveholding states needed an effective way to regulate and control, Skip to main content Why was the Battle of Concord and Lexington important? Enslaved people dealt with their plight in several ways: The governor of the Spanish colony of Florida bordering South Carolina contributed to the Stono Rebellion by promising freedom to fugitive slaves. American Historical Review 96, no. At about eleven oclock, Lieutenant Governor William Bull encountered the insurgents on his way to Charleston. Wax, Darold D. "'The Great Risque We Run': The Aftermath of Slave Rebellion at Stono, South Carolina, 17391745." Read about its causes, its conclusion, and its effects on South Carolina and on the institution of slavery. . The settlers expected a bumper rice crop of about 35 million pounds for export, but it was hurricane season and they watched the weather closely. The governors of Spanish Florida instigated unrest in the southern colonies to force England to use resources to quell the issues. Part of the 1740 Negro Act, passed in response to the rebellion, was a prohibition on importing enslaved Africans. But suddenly, a group of dozens of armed and mounted white planters converged on them from the south with murderous intent. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadn't been before, and probably would have happened anyway. While the farmers did not succeed in their initial goal of driving the Native Americans from Virginia, the rebellion resulted in Berkeley being recalled to England. . The rebellion resulted in efforts to curtail the activities of slaves and free blacks. They then turned back and marched Southward along Pons Pons, which is the road through Georgia to Augustine, they passed Mr. Wallaces Tavern towards day break, and said they would not hurt him, for he was a good Man and king to his slaves, but they broke open and plundered Mr. Lemys House and killed him, his wife, and child. The slave revolt was unsuccessful, and it ended up making things worse for slaves in the colony. Other Africans, provoked beyond endurance, killed their owners or overseers. Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes Why was the Spanish Revolution important in 1810? Who led the group is unclear; it might have been an enslaved person named Cato or Jemmy. South Carolinians spared the lives of enslaved people they believed were forced to participate against their will by the original band of rebels. . On Sunday, September 9, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. The Stono Rebellion was a violent albeit failed attempt by as many as one hundred slaves to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom in Spanish-controlled Florida. Moving out into the night without a plan, the armed slaves first came upon the home of a planter named Godfrey. But Stono was the catalyst. Why was the Spanish Revolution important? On Sunday, August 21, 1831, Nat Turner met in the forest on the outskirts of a Virginia plantation with six fellow slaves. Enslaved Africans who challenged these restrictions did so with the possibility of severe punishment. Notably, in 1740, the "Negro Act" was introduced in South Carolina in direct response to the rebellion. was an uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of the colonys south and ruled it from 1689 to 1691. The details of the 1739 event are uncertain, as documentation for the incident comes from only one firsthand report and several secondhand reports. Why was Shays' Rebellion called the first Civil War? Why was the Battle of Lexington and Concord important? Smith, Mark M. Stono: Documenting and Interpreting a Southern Slave Revolt. Stono Rebellion, 1739. Their number had swelled to about 100 men before they were spotted, by chance, by South Carolina's . XLV. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. 1. On Sunday, September 9th, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. Explore our upcoming webinars, events and programs. In the confusion, about thirty escaped into the countryside. Which of the following was the most influential factor in Jeremy and other enslaved Africans rebelling against their South Carolinian captors? Several factors influenced slaves timing of the rebellion, including a suspicious visit to Charleston by a priest who contemporaries thought was employed by the Spaniards to procure a general Insurrection of the Negroes, a yellow fever epidemic that swept the area in August and September, and rumors of war between Spain and England. White firepower won the day, however. Slave Rebellions and Uprisings. That no slave or slaves shall be permitted to rent or hire any house, room, store or plantation, on his or her own account, or to be used or occupied by any slave or slaves. As slavery continued to grow in the American colonies, there were occasional slave rebellions. Create and find flashcards in record time. The Stono Rebellion was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. 2 (1982): 136147. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. Turning southward, they reached a tavern before sunup, sparing the innkeeper because they considered him "a good man and kind to his slaves" but killing his neighbors (Wood, p. 315). Biography of Dr. Carter G. Woodson, Black Historian, The Untold History of Native American Enslavement, Biography of Harriet Tubman: Freed Enslaved People, Fought for the Union, Black American History and Women Timeline: 18001859, Gabriel Prosser revolt of enslaved people. Why was the Haitian slave revolt so important? Physical and mental restriction of slaves, Creation of a method for gradual emancipation, Assurance of better working conditions for slaves. Slaves worked in the colony according to a task system in which they completed their work at their own pace under the watchful eye of an overseer. The largest and most significant slave rebellion in the British North American colonies, the Stono Rebellion revealed tensions that continued in slave states throughout the next century. Why was the Stono Rebellion so important? With swords, muskets, axes, and other improvised weapons, the men went from house to house, farmstead to farmstead killing the white residents inside. On Sunday, September 9th, 1739 theBritishcolony ofSouth Carolinawas shaken by aslave uprisingthat culminated with the death of sixty people. Why was the Castle Hill Rebellion significant? Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War. Why was the North-West Rebellion important to Canada? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 9. It became the practice for masters to create a psychological environment that forced people to forget family ties by: However, many enslaved Africans defiantly held on to their language, customs, and religions for as long as they could. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. Journal of Negro History 67, no. Createyouraccount. South Carolina also wanted to slow the rate of importation; Black people outnumbered White people in South Carolina, and South Carolinians feared insurrection. Great Britain and Spain were at war (the War of Jenkin's Ear), and Spain, hoping to cause problems for Britain, promised freedom and land to any British colonial enslaved people who made their way to Florida.
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