$h4 'w=U3!pW{5]]]}P{Ah(|%aZ6I To further this, This special issue of Perspectives is is dedicated to promoting innovative programs, policies and protocols that improve crime victims rights and services in community corrections (p. iii). 0000029142 00000 n The major components of this instruction are 1) the development and functions of the planning team, 2) identifying and . Read through the recommendations to determine which information you will need to include. The United States Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of North Carolina (EDNC) has developed a Reentry Plan to assist in crime prevention and reentry efforts throughout our District. 0 Follow CDC protocols and verbally screen anyone being released for COVID-19 and perform a temperature check. The most vital piece of successful reentry is a comprehensive reentry plan. 0000005659 00000 n A [], Root & Rebound in South Carolina is proud to share our South Carolina Roadmap to [], Watch the video below to learn more about the impact of reentry and incarceration on [], We are excited to introduce the third chapter of our South Carolina RoadmapHousing! Register your church or group for Angel Tree, Support for Friends and Family of Prisoners, Resources for Friends and Family of Prisoners, THE FIRST THREE MONTHS: FORM POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS. John worked hard to fulfill his promise. Sign up to receive our weekly eNewsletter,whichhighlights stories of transformed lives and second chances, as well as resources and information from around the ministry. 0000000896 00000 n He found a church, and he used his new connections to raise funds for a successful coffee-roasting business. Access the most extensive library of templates available. 0000001741 00000 n "Adult Redeploy Illinois (ARI) was designed as a response to the high numbers of non-violent offenders incarcerated in Illinois prisons at great cost to the state. 0000006727 00000 n 0000081451 00000 n 244 0 obj <> endobj Correction agencies should give each exiting inmates contact information for a care provider in their destination community as well as a 45-day supply of any necessary medications. These programs are less, This is essential reading for those people working or interested in offender reentry efforts. Forms 10/10, Features Set 10/10, Ease of Use 10/10, Customer Service 10/10. Also included are profiles of the four law enforcement agencies evaluated. endstream endobj 245 0 obj <>/Metadata 24 0 R/OpenAction 246 0 R/Outlines 326 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/PageMode/UseOutlines/Pages 242 0 R/StructTreeRoot 80 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 246 0 obj <> endobj 247 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 1/Tabs/S/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 248 0 obj <>stream endobj You can still vote if you meet certain [], Root & Rebound partnered with #cut50 to create First Step to Second Chances: A guide [], After two years of providing legal clinics and trainings with our tribal partners, Root & [], In Connecticut, there are over 550 statutory barriers to reentry for residents with convictions, on [], The Hawaii Reentry Legal & Resource Guide is designed to help people understand the legal [], Inspired by our work in California, Root & Rebounds attorneys wrote the Minnesota Employers Fair [], What is Fair Chance Housing? 245 24 Recognizing the importance of effective reentry practices at the federal, state, and local levels, in September 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP), and the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) co-sponsored the National Reentry Symposium: Promising Practices and, Guidance, support, advice, assessment, and/or customized training, Connect with other Corrections Professionals, Emails with NIC's latest news and initiatives, Focused areas of research for Corrections Professionals, Answers to questions about NIC services & resources, Statistics Information about US Corrections, Model Practices for Parents in Prisons and Jails: Reducing Barriers to Family Connections, Sustaining Systems Change: Findings from a Transition from Jail to Community Initiative Stakeholder Survey, A Framework for Evidence-Based Decision Making in State and Local Criminal Justice Systems, The Reentry of Formerly Incarcerated Persons: Key Accomplishments, Challenges, and Future Directions; A Report on the National Reentry Symposium: Promising Practices and Future Directions, Offender Reentry: The Value of Victim Involvement [Broadcast], "Cuff Key to Door Key": A Systems Approach to Reentry: NIC's Inaugural Virtual Conference, TPC Case Management Handbook: An Integrated Case Management Approach, TPC Reentry Handbook: Implementing the NIC Transition from Prison to the Community Model, Transition from Prison to Community (TPC), Reconnecting Justice: Pathways to Effective Reentry though Education and Training, Evaluating Reentry Programs Using Data and Science (2019), Recent Changes in Corrections and Reentry: Thoughts from Two Leaders in the Field (2019), Las Colinas Detention and Reentry Facility (2017), The National Reentry Symposium: Promising Practices and Future Directions (2015), Role of Human Services During Community Supervision (2021), Child Support, Debt, and Prisoner Reentry: Examining the Influences of Prisoners Legal and Financial Obligations on Reentry. <<18BFF069B634604195D22B233AE264B1>]>> She wondered how she would find a place to live and a way to pay the bills. The Prisoner Reentry Process Each year, more than 650,000 former inmates from state and federal institutions return to communities through- out the U.S. If, like Diane, you reach the three-year mark without another arrest, you are likely to remain out for good. endstream endobj startxref T4C incorporates research from cognitive restructuring, While specifically designed for Georgia, this handbook's format is a great example of an offender reentry handbook. } ]Uv]p-0 pl5W=6T"M@Z8Q9'*Y`FP{} :s!T?YA.UkS}Tj The following checklist assumes that you have already been released from prison and that you have immediate access to food and shelter. The TPC model encourages strategic system changes to reduce recidivism and future victimization, to enhance public safety, and to improve the lives of communities, victims, and offenders. TopTenReviews wrote "there is such an extensive range of documents covering so many topics that it is unlikely you would need to look anywhere else". According to the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs more than 650,000 people are released from state and federal prisons annually. Features of this issue cover: The Power of Information and Notification: A Victim/Survivors Perspective, The Vision 21: Transforming Victim Services Final Report presents a cohesive and comprehensive framework for strategic change in the victim services field and addresses ways to overcome political, policy, and philosophical challenges in the field. 0000011528 00000 n The toolkits are filled with planning tools, action steps, checklists, helpful hints, know-your-rights information, and referrals to critical reentry resources to empower individuals, their family members & loved ones, and service providers to develop individualized reentry plans. Description: Sample of the Inmate Pre-release Assessment. Double-check the completed document for misprints and other mistakes. xref A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. What are the three elements to successful reentry programs for inmates? 2 0 obj Click to reveal Our goal [], A New Leaf is a collaborative project between Root & Rebound and Viola, a premium [], On Sept. 18, we hosted a virtual roundtable on fair chance housing in the South. This is where a supportive mentor or community can make all the difference. This is followed by instructions for planning a reentry strategy. The current status of prisoner reentry is very different from that of only a few decades ago. No one should leave prison without someone immediately available to support them. I will be living at 123 Bedrock Lane, Tacoma WA 98443. Printed and distributed by Prison Fellowship to correctional facilities across the country, Inside Journal is written specifically for incarcerated men and women. & Estates, Corporate - Release planning often draws upon the assessments, resources and relationships developed during the course of a person's incarceration and in many respects, represents the bare minimum preparation that a DOC should engage in prior to a prisoner's release. 75% 83% 0 20 40 60 80 100 ISSUE DATE 4.1.16 Behavioral health is essential to health. .sue-panel-content {padding: 1em 1em !important; border-top: solid 6px #58c4c7;}.sue-panel {margin-top: 25px !Important;}. In the first three months, as the newness of freedom wears off, loneliness will be your enemy. Increasingly, evidence-based practices are reflected in approaches and programming, targeting people who have a medium to high risk of reoending and tailoring services to meet certain needs has the greatest impact on lowering rates of recidivism. An exiting prisoner needs at least $109 to pay for food, transportation and shelter during the first few days following his or her release, according to the Urban Institute. While 70% of all correction agencies surveyed said that they conducted pre-release assessments, just 40% of these agencies reported offering a personalized, written discharge plan to all exiting inmates, according to the Urban Institute. If you do not, find a phone and call 211 immediately to locate emergency services in the area. The report looks at correctional systems in the United States, the federal government's involvement in offender reentry programs, and the Second Chance Act (P.L. LLC, Internet Focusing on Evidence. 0000004069 00000 n }/m`6)*= L6Y By the Annie E. Casey Foundation, the Urban Institute. A Solid Plan for Your First Day Out Will Help Keep You on Course. These groups are for anyone with hurts or bad habitsnot just alcohol or drug dependenceand they'll give you some supportive community. The Results of a Comprehensive Evaluation, Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education: A Meta-Analysis of Programs That Provide Education to Incarcerated Adults, Your Money, Your Goals: A Financial Empowerment Toolkit (2020), Accessing Pell Grants for College Programs in Correctional Settings, Expanding Access to Postsecondary Education in Prison (2017), Prison Education: Maximizing the Potential for Employment and Successful Community Reintegration (2017), Reducing Inmate Misconduct and Prison Returns with Facility Education Programs (2017), Reentry Education Framework Guidelines for Providing High-Quality Education for Adults Involved in the Criminal Justice System (2016), Making the Grade: Developing Quality Postsecondary Education Programs in Prison (2016), Nondegree Credentials in Correctional Education: Status, Challenges, and Benefits (2016), Reentry Education Model Implementation Study Promoting Reentry Success Through Continuity of Educational Opportunities (2015), Highlights from the U.S. PIAAC Survey of Incarcerated Adults: Their Skills, Work Experience, Education, and Training: Program for the International Assessment , Just Learning: The Imperative to Transform the Juvenile Justice System: A Study of Juvenile Justice Schools in the South and the Nation (2014), Education and Reentry: The Gifts They Bring (2013), Recommendations to Improve Correctional and Reentry Education for Young People (2013), Reducing Recidivism and Improving Other Outcomes for Young Adults in the Juvenile and Adult Criminal Justice Systems, Best Practices for Increasing Access to SSI/SSDI upon Exiting Criminal Justice Settings, Guidelines for the Successful Transition of People with Behavioral Health Disorders from Jail and Prison, The Federal Bonding Program: A US Department of Labor Initiative, Integrated Reentry and Employment Strategies: Reducing Recidivism and Promoting Job Readiness, Providing Another Chance: Resetting Recidivism Risk in Criminal Background Checks (2022), Opening Doors, Returning Home: How Public Housing Authorities Across the Country Are Expanding Access for People with Conviction Histories (2022), Reducing Homelessness for People with Behavioral Health Needs Leaving Prisons and Jails (2021), Employment of Persons Released from Federal Prison in 2010 (2020), Recruitment, Assessment, and Retention in the Direct Care Workforce for Individuals With Criminal Records: A Comprehensive Model Approach (2021), Integrated Reentry & Employment Strategies: Pilot Project Process Evaluation Report (2019), Work and Opportunity Before and After Incarceration (2018), One Strike to Second Chances: Using Criminal Backgrounds in Admission Decisions for Assisted Housing (2017), Assessing Housing Needs and Risks: A Screening Questionnaire (2017), Mentoring as a Component of Reentry: Practical Considerations from the Field (2017), Back to Business: How Hiring Formerly Incarcerated Job Seekers Benefits Your Company (2017), Opening Doors: How to Develop Reentry Programs Using Examples from Public Housing Authorities (2017), Reentry and Barriers to Employment: Lessons From Caseys Investments (2016), Correctional Industries: A Guide to Reentry-Focused Performance Excellence (2015), Best Practices in Green Re-Entry Strategies (2011), Monetary Sanctions, Legal And Collateral Consequences, And Probation & Parole: Where Do We Go From Here? The inmate population housed in state correctional facilities throughout the Southern Use professional pre-built templates to fill in and sign documents online faster. Healthy and Positive Relationships Create Accountability and Community. You may or may not have access to an "official" mentor, but you can still do some work to make sure you'll have some accountability and support right away. Get access to thousands of forms. 0000006231 00000 n 0000081008 00000 n The first days out of prison can feel the same: intense, disorienting, and maybe frightening. Three ways that correction agencies can help prisoners establish a support system come release day are: 1) provide a handbook of community resources; 2) notify family members of their loved ones release date and plan; and 3) loop in relevant community organizations within 24 hours of release. We use cookies to improve security, personalize the user experience, enhance our marketing activities (including cooperating with our marketing partners) and for other business use. Highest customer reviews on one of the most highly-trusted product review platforms. Visit www.healthcare.gov or call 1-800-318-2596 to learn more. Official websites use .gov Performance & security by Cloudflare. Theft, Personal Follow the simple instructions below: Are you still looking for a quick and efficient tool to fill out Inmate Reentry Plan Sample at an affordable price? Through a Celebrate Recovery group or church, you can identify someone with the right profile to mentor you and give you good counsel on navigating your transition. eD&VSN*! Sections of this report include, These checklists can help familiarize state leaders with key issues related to recidivism reduction, and help them honestly evaluate strengths and weaknesses in their reentry efforts through enhanced communication and coordination. Checklists are targeted for each of the following-executive and, "Across the country, students in the juvenile justice system are struggling in school. How is prisoner reentry different today compared to a few decades ago? According to the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs 641,100 people were released from state and federal prisons in 2015. 4 0 obj Prisoner Reentry Essay. Find the sample you will need in our collection of templates. You can use 3 available choices; typing, drawing, or uploading one. It is based upon the Template from the Minnesota Department of Corrections. Restoration Partners give monthly to bring life-changing prison ministry programs to incarcerated men and women across the country. When you walk from a dark room into sunlight, it takes your eyes a few minutes to adjust. Release planning represents a finite component of this broader process and focuses on the moment of release and the immediate days and weeks that follow. Indicate the date to the document using the Date option. From now on comfortably get through it from your apartment or at your office right from your mobile device or personal computer. There are over 3000 local jails in the United States that process approximately 12 million releases per year. It starts with baby steps. The curriculum outlines steps to take before release as well as steps to take after release. This plan includes a reentry accountability plan so the person can work with his or her case manager or counselor to identify behaviors that may impede them from utilizing a referred community service. Yet the corrections, reentry, and workforce development fields have lacked an integrated tool that draws on the, "This policy brief offers fodder for the states Justice Reinvestment leaders as they contemplate the changes necessary to increase the systems focus on recidivism reduction and achieve results" (p. 2). 0000006120 00000 n Also ask your chaplain or Prison Fellowship volunteer or staff member about churches that welcome returning citizens. As much as you might be looking forward to it, the thought of being released can also provoke a lot of fear and insecurity. Our service will provide you with an extensive variety of templates available for completing on the internet. Freedom Can Be Disorienting; You Need to Find Your Footing. There are many more offenders released from prisons than in the past. DREAM Court: The Drug Reentry Alternative Model (DREAM) is a pre-adjudicative diversion drug court, providing an intensive form of presentence supervision with direct, regular judicial involvement.DREAM began in August 2012 and is designed to provide an alternative to the more traditional path of prosecution, conviction and incarceration.For When do we start planning for release? 268 0 obj<>stream Many states have responded by offering an adult education, adult postsecondary education, career and technical education, and special education (Taliaferro, Pham and Cielinkski, 2016). Attorney General Holder's letter to State Attorneys General urged them to review the legal collateral consequences of their State laws that may impede the successful reentry of formerly incarcerated individuals into society, such as housing and employment restrictions. Community agencies need to build a relationship with the offender andschedule appointments. 0000014630 00000 n 0000064598 00000 n PEOPLE . <> Sections of this publication cover: building effective partnerships through a shared, Failure to become employed after release is a major factor contributing to the high rate of recidivism. What will your first three hours of freedom look like? 0000003260 00000 n 245 0 obj <> endobj John Krause sat in prison after a decades-long spiral of drugs, despair, and broken relationships. stream Work with Texas Health and Human Services to acquire Food Stamps (SNAP program) as soon as possible; 817-321-8000, can apply online at www.yourtexasbenefits.com You've probably seen enough friends come back to now it won't be easy. With one terrible choice, Reggie's world suddenly seemed to have ended. 110-199). 0000001961 00000 n eliminate some of your barriers to a successful re-entry. Resources - Check out the resources available to returning citizens in your area. This includes people and family members impacted by the justice system, formerly incarcerated people, and people with arrest and conviction histories. At that point, you will probably have reached a place of stability and growth in your career and your relationships. Jill tackled her fears by working with her mentors to make specific, concrete plans. Chapters comprising this manual are: transition and reentry-a key public policy issue; the Transition from Prison to the Community (TPC) model, Thinking for a Change 4.0 (T4C) is an integrated cognitive behavioral change program authored by Jack Bush, Ph.D., Barry Glick, Ph.D., and Juliana Taymans, Ph.D., under a cooperative agreement with the National Institute of Corrections (NIC). If you would like additional research assistance on this topic, please contact our help desk. 0000012517 00000 n This increased attention is for good reason, as the impact of prisoner reentry on the well-being of individuals, families, and communities is well documented. 0000005260 00000 n 0 In new research, William Rhodes argues that this impression is wrong and that two out of every three released offenders never return to prison. Need more information? Final Report to the National Inst, Incarceration, Prisoner Reentry, and Communities (2014), Performance Incentive Funding for Prison Diversion: An Implementation Study of the DuPage County Adult Redeploy Illinois Program, Offender Reentry: Correctional Statistics, Reintegration into the Community, and Recidivism, Lessons Learned: Planning and Assessing a Law Enforcement Reentry Strategy, Building Second Chances: Tools for Local Reentry Coalitions (2022), Reducing Recidivism: States Deliver Results (2017), Exploring the Research Gaps in Residential Reentry Centers: A Compendium Guide of Resources for Reentry Professionals and Policymakers (2016), Probation and Parole Officer Adherence to the Core Correctional Practices: An Evaluation of 755 Offender-Officer Interactions (2013), Building Brighter Futures: Tools for Improving Academic and Career/Technical Education in the Juvenile Justice System: A Pennsylvania Example, Supporting Second Chances: Education and Employment Strategies for People Returning from Correctional Facilities, How Effective is Correctional Education, and Where Do We Go from Here? Find the sample you will need in our collection of templates. j2CM LR Dp. When your tenth application for employment gets rejected, or when a drug-using friend from the past returns, you'll be glad to have someone you can turn to. In case there?s a necessity to correct something, the online editor and its wide variety of tools are ready for your use. net) . Support from leadership will be crucial to your success. What are 3 issues involving the physical health of inmates while incarcerated? Reentry Accountability Plan: My self-defeating behavior that blocks my success with this issue: My behavioral goal to address my issue is: . 3 0 obj hbbd```b``a" D2Hf0{%`6X P (v kXd/}w,[vCXW7 Vo $` ''M-D6L1@\&[00(QMLX 5fb This three-hour national discussion and broadcast by the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) focuses on the unique opportunities and challenges of including victims in the offender reentry process. Obtaining an ID & Birth Certificate You are eligible to receive an identification card (ID) [], If you have a criminal record in South Carolina, you can still vote if you [], Per the South Carolina Department of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services, the only requirement to [], Many convictions may not be eligible for expungement, but there is a different option. Despite her anxietyan emotion you might shareJill was ready to succeed. Treatment . Technology, Power of He dropped out of high school and soon found a new way to dull his inner pain: meth. The Value of Victim Involvement [Broadcast]. The term prisoner reentry has been used to refer to the process of returning home after a prison stay. Given that more than three- quarters of State offenders are re-arrested within five years of release (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2018), successful reintegration of formally incarcerated persons returning to the community has become a critical aspect of correctional missions to improve public safety. This report describes how four law enforcement agencies, selected as learning sites, utilized the principles described in Planning and Assessing a Law Enforcement Reentry Strategy. And with a solid plan for her first 24 hours, she managed not to let her fears take her off course. (2020), The Steep Costs of Criminal Justice Fees and Fines (2019), Shackled to Debt: Criminal Justice Financial Obligations and the Barriers to Re-Entry They Create (2017), Your Money, Your Goals: Focus on Reentry (2017), Reducing Recidivism in Massachusetts with a Comprehensive Strategy, Rethinking reentry: An AEI working group summary (2019), Best Practices for Successful Reentry for People Who Have Opioid Addictions (2018), Strategies to productively reincorporate the formerly-incarcerated into communities: A review of the literature (2018), Key Factors to Promote Successful Comprehensive Reentry Initiatives (2017), Making Peoples Transition from Prison and Jail to the Community Safe and Successful: A Snapshot of National Progress in Reentry (2017), Roadmap to Reentry A California Legal Guide (2015), Process and Systems Change Evaluation Findings from the Transition to Jail Community Initiative, Family Therapy in Corrections: Implications for Reentry Into the Community (2020), The Effectiveness of Prison Programming: A Review of the Research Literature Examining the Impact of Federal, State, and Local Inmate Programming on Post-Relea, Co-Design of Services for Health and Reentry (CO-SHARE): An Experience-Based Co-Design (EBCD) Pilot Study with Individuals Returning to Community from Jail and, American Prisons Are Not a Revolving Door: Most Released Offenders Never Return, The Effect of Collateral Consequence Laws on State Rates of Returns to Prison, Directory of National Programs: Federal Bureau of Prisons (2017), Employment Retention Inventory Explores the Predictive Factors of Job Loss: Research Project, Second Chance Act Adult Offender Reentry Demonstration Projects: Collaboration and Reentry Partnerships (2018), An Evaluation of Seven Second Chance Act Adult Demonstration Programs: Impact Findings at 18 Months (2017), Reentering Your Community: A Handbook (2016), Roadmap to Reentry: Reducing Recidivism through Reentry Reforms at the Federal Bureau of Prisons (2016), Second Chance Act Adult Offender Reentry Demonstration Programs: Implementation Challenges and Lessons Learned (2015), Breaking the Cycle of Incarceration: Strategies for Successful Reentry Final Report for Labyrinth Outreach Services for Women (2015), Beyond Basic Needs: Social Support and Structure for Successful Offender Reentry (2014), The Reentry of Adults Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A National Survey of Reentry Professionals, Critical Elements of Juvenile Reentry in Research and Practice, After Incarceration: A Guide To Helping Women Reenter the Community (2020), Planning and Implementing a Reentry Program for Clients with Co-Occurring Disorders: A Toolkit (2017), Guidelines for Successful Transition of People with Mental or Substance Use Disorders from Jail and Prison: Implementation Guide (2017), Building Communities, Changing Lives: The NYC Justice Corps Community Benefit Projects (2017), Justice-Involved Victims of Battering with Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Co-Occurring Disorders: Internet Resources (2015), Extensive Evaluation Work Facilitates Reentry into the Community (2021), Investing Justice Resources to Address Community Needs: Lessons Learned from Colorados Work and Gain Education and Employment Skills (WAGEES) Program (2018), Voice of the Victim: A Perspective Spotlight Issue, Vision 21: Transforming Victim Services: Final Report. The moment of release represents a critical point in time that can make or break an inmates successful reintegration into society. endobj %PDF-1.4 % Read through the recommendations to determine which information you will need to include. 0000006763 00000 n In the absence of thoughtful programming, once they enter the juvenile justice system, they may fall further behind. Three years after her release, she has graduated from community college, has a steady job, and plans to start her own HVAC business. %PDF-1.6 % trailer I examine the impact of these laws on state rates of returns to prison, as measured, This handbook is designed for teams of correctional and noncorrectional staff at the policy, management, and line staff levels who have been charged with implementing improvements in supervision and case management that support an overall strategy to reduce recidivism and enhance community safety, The TPC Reentry Handbook has been developed as a resource for a broad range of stakeholders involved in improving transition and reentry practices (p.3). More women returning to state prison report using illegal drugs compared to men. Guarantees that a business meets BBB accreditation standards in the US and Canada. My Account, Forms in Our goal [], We are excited to introduce the second chapter of our South Carolina RoadmapEducation! Find answers to common questions like: What can I do in my first few days of release? Stick to these simple instructions to get School Re Entry Plan Template completely ready for sending: Get the document you need in our collection of templates. #1 Internet-trusted security seal. Changing Perceptions. is . xW{PSg7 `% j E&E. How to create a re-entry program in your organization Make sure you have broad support. effective. aT%PctdzJ~"KR&"F*xi Ff3rhmvnFYh}r0L"`({`dDH+5#+WG[&>/fH3L. Have a question about government services. This guide walks through a former prisoner's first three hours, days, months, and years of freedom, and offers a plan to help make the most of this second chance. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Employment is an essential factor in facilitating successful reentry of formerly incarcerated people. Three sections follow an executive summary: collaboration-coordination and partnerships; program terms-activities and scope; and data collection and analysis-process and outcome.
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