I became so attached to the place,(My Home Port!) Most of his duties were running passengers between Chatham and London. Ten new community-led, affordable homes for local people. The following year a forge was built for anchor-making. A primary school (St. Mary's CofE) and a medical centre provide facilities for the residents and there are attractive walks around the Island. dailyinfo[7]=' 467436 Corporal Alexander CAMERON Military Medal 29th Bn. dailyinfo[18]=' J/71444 Ordinary Seaman John Dolby DIAPER H.M.S. In almost all cases you can only search by yard or ships name, not by a persons names. Apprentices and masters. It was not until 1837, however, that steam power was first introduced into the ropery, and the smithery received its first engine (for blowing the forges and powering tilt hammers) in 1841. The tarring process declined as, Iron Foundry 185561. dailyinfo[1]=' 61365 Private James LAVIN 1st Garrison Bn. Sheerness remained operational as a royal dockyard until 1959, but it was never considered a major shore establishment and in several respects it operated as a subsidiary yard to Chatham. var dailyinfo= new Array(31) [20], At the same time, moves were being made towards the application of steam power to ship propulsion. They are Bernard (Bernie) Olley, Tony Packer and Roderick (Ricky) Pond. 'The apprenticeship at Chatham Dockyard is the finest in the world - if you stick to it, the world's your oyster' Robert Smith's dad told his teenage son. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, 3. The first battleship to be built on the new No 8 Slip was HMS Africa, launched in 1905; however it also proved to be the last, as it was announced (controversially) that Chatham Dockyard would be unable to accommodate Dreadnoughts. ), The final boats constructed in Chatham were Oberon-class submarines Ocelot was the last vessel built for the Royal Navy, and the final vessel was Okanagan built for the Royal Canadian Navy and launched on 17 September 1966. [23], Following the appointment of Robert Seppings as Master Shipwright in 1804, iron began to be introduced into the structure of ships being built at Chatham; the following year work began on a new, much larger smithery, commissioned by Samuel Bentham, designed by Edward Holl and fitted out by John Rennie. The Grade II listed Park and Garden is getting a makeover to showcase some of its existing heritage features as well as reinstate some of the paving patterns that were part of its original design. dailyinfo[9]=' 3094 Rifleman James William NEWELL 2nd Bn. We collect and preserve objects related to the Dockyards past and also carry out specific research into the Dockyards rich and varied history. Undoubtedly there are countless memories and stories from the dockyard, particularly 'the bygone era' of the 1950s and 1960s, when times were very different, but many of them don't get recorded or spoken about. Do you visit the Dockyard now? Another member of the group, John Gibson, 79 from Southway, joined the dockyard as an apprentice in September 1955. 3 Slip). In the 1960s Portsmouth Dockyard was the largest employer in the area. [20] The docks varied from 160ft (49m) to 186ft (57m) in length. If you walk into the Union Rooms on a Friday afternoon you'll meet all manner of people. "Ted was living in the Maidstone area at . Built immediately to the north of the Smithery (the intervening space was later infilled with the Smithery extension of 1867). Wed Aug 25 00:38:58 2004. But every six weeks, if you're lucky, you might bump into a group of men - all in their 80s - who have some truly fascinating stories to tell. And to celebrate their half-century landmark anniversary, they held a reunion at the former naval base in Medway. Also Grade II* listed. In its early days, dockyards such as Chatham were the largest industrial centres in the world. The senior officers of a victualling yard were: The victualling yards reported to a Victualling Board, which in turn reported to the Navy Board. The ground floor were built as offices, the first floor contained reception rooms with bedrooms above. [10], The renowned Tudor shipwright Mathew Baker was appointed to Chatham in 1572 (though he was primarily based at Deptford). [127] Externally, all the blocks were similar in appearance. A Dockyard Apprentice's Story: Hard graft, scrapes and japes on the In 1550, a decree was issued to the Lord High Admiral that: all the Kinges shippes should be harborowed in Jillyngham Water saving only those that be at Portsmouth[5], Even prior to this, there is evidence of certain shore facilities being established in the vicinity for the benefit of the King's ships at anchor: there are isolated references from as early as 1509 to the hiring of a storehouse nearby[6] and from 1547 this becomes a fixed item in the Treasurer's annual accounts. n There was a great reaction to my picture here of some of the old Radio Victory presenters. It was envisaged that Basin No 1 would serve as a "repair basin", No 2 as the "factory basin" and No 3 as the "fitting-out" basin; a newly launched ship could therefore enter via the west lock, have any defects remedied in the first basin, have her steam engines and heavy machinery installed in the second, and then be finished, and loaded with coal and provisions, in the third before leaving via the east locks. var fontend = '' Chatham's establishment as a naval dockyard was precipitated by the use of the Medway as a safe anchorage by the ships of what became (under King Henry VIII) England's permanent Royal Navy. The senior official of a Royal Navy dockyard was the commissioner, who was supported by other senior officers including: . From projects focused on . [20], No 1 Basin was officially opened in 1871, with HMS Invincible being brought into No 5 Dock for repairs, with great ceremony. Another, Mike North, got in touch and sent me his cartoon of the staff who were there when the station closed. You are in: Kent > History > Chatham Historic Dockyard > Your memories. The man did, John says, and told his boss he had a hacksaw between his teeth so he could fish for swordfish. In the years of peace after 1815 Chatham continued to serve as a major embarkation port for troops serving overseas. [41] The Georgian site is now a visitor attraction under the care of the Trust: Chatham Historic Dockyard. This is a story of the creation of the Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust and its history, from Elizabethan origins to fleet base and shipbuilding yard . I was on board HMS Hermoine when she left the yard for the last time, I was one of the guests of honour, a great experience for a young lad of 15. " In the event, those defences were built in distinct phases, as the government saw the increasing threat of invasion:[126]. Chatham Dockyard ledgers: employees, apprentices, etc The annual intake was usually restricted to ten applicants and we were required to attend the Dockyard School for three years and pay a weekly visit to the Royal Navy Barracks gym and swimming pool for training sessions by naval personnel.Our apprenticeship covered many departments including the Boat House, Mast House, Drawing Office, Joiners Shop, Paint Shop, Plumbing, Ship Repairs (rivetting, caulking etc. However, as some men worked in both the dockyards and aboard ships across the course of their naval career, it is sometimes also worth looking for records of individuals, especially skilled workers (artificers or tradesmen), in Royal Navy records (as administered by the Admiralty Board). [32] (The older slipways, by contrast, were proving much too small and they were mostly filled in around this time, their covered areas being put to alternative uses.) Early History of the Royal Yards and the original Dockyard of Chatham chap 1 1 The New Dockyard 7 Ship List, 1586- 1660 13 Notes on the Rating and Tonnage of Ships 15 Estimate of Costs for a 3rd-rate 16 . Production ramped up during World War II with HMS's Umpire, Una, Splendid, Sportsman, Shalimar, Tradewind, Trenchant, Turpin, Thermopylae and Acheron being constructed. dailyinfo[26]=' Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Gordon CADE Distinguished Service Order, Military Cross and Bar, Three times Mentioned in Despatches Middlesex Regiment who died 26/04/1918 TYNE COT MEMORIAL Belgium ' This is the oldest surviving naval building in England. Div Royal Marine Light Infantry who died 05/05/1915 HELLES MEMORIAL Turkey (including Gallipoli) ' [140] Built within the defensive earthworks to the north of Chatham, St Mary's Barracks was demolished in the 1960s and the land used for housing. Tank Corps who died 28/04/1918 MARISSEL FRENCH NATIONAL CEMETERY France ' In 1782, an, 18701892 A number of forts built at a greater distance from the dockyard: Forts, Resident Commissioner, Cadiz Yard, (1694), This page was last edited on 18 March 2023, at 23:48. The Dock would be filled with all types of Naval ships, decked out with flags & crew dressed in their dress uniforms. R Cock and N A M Rodger, A guide to the naval records in The National Archives of the UK (London 2006). Bob Chalmers, from Warminster, Wiltshire, was part of the September 1964 intake and he is hoping to organise a reunion. Chatham Dockyard and its Defences is an outstanding example of a complete industrial military complex from the heyday of the age of sail (1700 - 1820) and the early period of the age of steam (1820- 1865). dailyinfo[21]=' Lieutenant Colonel John Michell CLARKE Royal Army Medical Corps who died 21/04/1918 BRISTOL (CANFORD) CEMETERY United Kingdom ' He says for the first three months of the apprenticeship he was given no tools and distinctly remembers the big 'awful sacks' [overalls] they used to wear. [35] During World War I, twelve submarines were built here, but when hostilities ceased, uncompleted boats were scrapped and five years passed before a further ship was launched. [1] The painting, now in the National Maritime Museum, provides a detailed illustration of the yard as it was in the Age of Sail; many of the buildings and structures illustrated survive: William Camden (15511623) described Chatham dockyard as, stored for the finest fleet the sun ever beheld, and ready at a minutes warning, built lately by our most gracious sovereign Elizabeth at great expense for the security of her subjects and the terror of her enemies, with a fort on the shore for its defence.[2]. Captain of the Dockyard's House 19th century. The boys tell of their daily roles: clocking people in and out, checking employees were working, checking pay, doing the 'holiday rounds', and recording various bits of information. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. For a young lad it was always very impressive.Mon Mar 30 21:56:09 2009, Roger G.J.HaffendenI remember arriving at Chatham Dockyard in the Spring of 1954 to join H.M.S. After completion of the new dock in 1821, reconstruction of the other docks in stone followed (with the exception of the northernmost, which was converted into a slipway); they were likewise emptied using steam power, provided by the same engine and pumps (which were also linked to a network of pipes installed across the whole dockyard site for firefighting purposes). ! All these developments were to come together with the construction of HMS Achilles, in a newly expanded No 2 Dock, between 1860 and 1864: the first true iron-hulled battleship to be launched in a royal dockyard. Remembered Today: Has it changed for the better, or were those really the "good old days"? Now used as offices. The northern building was used as a fitted rigging house, and a general store for equipment to fit out newly built ships. A good many were engaged in manning the defences, but some had other duties; others were accommodated there for convenience prior to embarking on ships for duties overseas, or following their disembarkation. Timber Seasoning Sheds 1774. As far as I can find, no Naval hospital muster lists (ADM 102) survive at TNA Kew for the 1914-1919 period. dailyinfo[3]=' 3747 Flight Serjeant Reginald Tom PARRY Air Force Medal 15th Aircraft Acceptance Park Royal Air Force who died 03/05/1919 WELSH NEWTON (ST. MARY) CHURCHYARD United Kingdom ' Published 15 June 2021. The Dockyard led to large numbers of military personnel being garrisoned in Chatham and the surrounding area. While they retained command over the naval personnel on site, and responsibility for the base as a whole,[114] their oversight of the work of the dockyard was transferred to new civilian Dockyard General Managers, who had management responsibility across all Departments. NOSTALGIA: The mysterious case of the disappearing Portsmouth Guildhall, When Purbrook had three pubs within 100 yards - Nostalgia. My son got good qualifications and worked in Formula 1 racing. The ponds were connected by canal. 09:00 to 17:00. The first steam-powered ship to be laid down at Chatham was HMS Phoenix, one of four paddle steamers built concurrently across the royal dockyards in the early 1830s, each designed by a different leading shipwright. dailyinfo[11]=' Reservist Paul GROLIK 5./I.R.62 German Army who died 11/05/1917 EBBLINGHEM MILITARY CEMETERY France ' I still sometimes wonder if my name I painted on a beam in the apprentice building with a 6" brush is still there. var mydate=new Date() Chatham Naval Dockyard, Kent | Educational Images | Historic England The officers and men employed in the yard had also increased, and by 1798 they numbered 1,664, including 49 officers and clerks and 624 shipwrights. My best wishes go out to all my old friends. Anchor Wharf, The Historic Dockyard, I later worked on such ships as HMS Lincoln, Warspite, Spitfire, Torquay, Hebe, Vidal, Hydra and many many more. Posted 11 June , 2020 . var daym=mydate.getDate() I remember being in awe of the sheer size of it and the amount of hustle and bustle that was all about. At its height, it employed over 10,000 skilled artisans and covered 400 acres (1.6km2). Do you remember Chatham Naval Dockyard when it was in its prime? [16], Peter Pett, of the family of shipwrights whose history is closely connected to the Chatham dockyard, became commissioner in 1649. Brian and John remember their Devonport Dockyard wage: 2 6s 2d a week (about 2.32), with no overtime for apprentices, but said at the time they were well looked after. By 1611 Chatham had been chosen as its location (in preference to Deptford, which at the time was the nation's principal naval shipbuilding yard; this led to speculation that Deptford was going to be sold off). dailyinfo[30]=' 35346 Private Stuart Bathurst Scott COATES 13th Bn. And the men remember they had quite a strict deadline on a Friday afternoon. dailyinfo[5]=' CH/316(S) Private Jack WILSON Chatham Bn. All of these Apprentices are bound to Masters whose names and trades are also included. But he said without helping me out in the garage ripping out engines, he wouldnt have a clue.. Chatham Dockyard and its Defences - UNESCO World Heritage Centre The weekend event was organised by Tony Gray, who at 66 is still working part-time as a consultant. Dockyard Church 1806. They spent much of the time relaying fond memories of working and socialising together. - David, Germany, "From 1980-1984 I sold newspapers on board all the ships that docked in the yard, I was a young lad of 11 when I started, and only stopped after my father was transferred to Plymouth Dockyard in 1985. ", Keith added: "I liked all our antics, [in the dockyard] you had to have a sense of humour.". [19], Seeking to alleviate this less-than-satisfactory situation, the Navy Board explored options for developing a shore facility with direct access from the open water of the Thames Estuary. How the military presence developed after 1820, showing how the need for housing gave birth to New Brompton, and showing roads and railways. It really did feel like one big family with a happy atmosphere. They lived in Chatham, in Old Brompton, some in Rochester and Strood, but by far the greatest number in New Brompton and Gillingham, and the similarity of much of that district to a Midland or Northern industrial town was due to dockyard workers many of whom had come from the North. What's for dinner? This aerial photograph shows the dry docks at Chatham Dockyard. Crash Out On Cavalier Overnight Stay Experience. We were all in the same boat together and struck up an instant friendship, which we still have.. You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. The names that I have are Bob Piper, Calvin Sims, Chris Wyatt, Tony Davies, Malcolm Copper, Terry OHagan, Stuart Lukey, Ed Salvage, Ian Privet, Mick Tucker, Michael Arnell, Malcolm Bain, Allan Fudge, Barry Goble, Dennis Purvis, Bernhard Reed, Malcolm Reglar, Joseph Shears, Alan Weatley and John Miller.. John said: "The dockyard gave you a good life. Pembroke Royal Navy who died 18/04/1918 GILLINGHAM (WOODLANDS) CEMETERY, KENT United Kingdom ' Diamond, one of the Navy's Daring Class Destroyers which was in Dry Dock in one of the Basins. This building retains it original structure and roof glazing. The yard would have received, stored and issued cannons and gun-carriages (along with projectiles, accoutrements and also all manner of small arms) for ships based in the Medway, as well as for local artillery emplacements and for army use. seaJane. He was admitted to Chatham Hospital on 30th June 1915 but doesnt specify RNH. They went to work the day after the new rule, with 'no shirt and no vest'. Thus deliveries of victuals, ordnance and other supplies were made by small boats, sailing regularly between Chatham and The Nore. Terry left a secondary school in Hoo with qualifications in metal work and technical drawing and, like many boys of his age, enrolled for apprenticeship at the yard, classed as one of the best in the world. [45] In 2019 Peel announced that Chatham Docks would close in 2025 with the loss of 800 jobs. Alongside the four dry docks it now had a total of six shipbuilding slips (equalling Deptford and outnumbering the other yards in this regard), albeit three of the six were under 150ft (46m) in length and suitable only for building smaller warships. I became so attached to the place,(My Home Port!) [130] During this time, Chatham Dept provided basic training for new recruits. 93rd Infantry Bde. dailyinfo[23]=' 20589 Corporal Elias JONES Distinguished Conduct Medal, Military Medal and Bar 14th Bn. Designed by Edward Holl, it has a gallery supported on cast iron columns, one of the first uses of cast iron in the dockyard. WIPS & CSR TEAM - Handing over of Old clothes, Books & Toys To Tata Power Mahila Bachat Gat - 20.01.2022. [35], In February 1958 it was announced in Parliament that Sheerness Dockyard would close in 1960, with Nore Command (and its Chatham-based Commander-in-Chief) to be abolished the following year. He first started his apprenticeship when he was sent to the ropery on his first day by accident. See our research guides on Royal Navy ratings and Royal Navy warrant officers for more information. If either yourself, a friend or relative has a story they would like to share with us, we would love to hear it. [136] The new development has retained the name Kitchener Barracks. Now, around ten 'old boys' meet every six weeks in the Union Street Wetherspoon to laugh about the old times. Daniel Defoe (c. 1660 1731), visiting the yard in 1705, also spoke of its achievements with an almost incredulous enthusiasm: So great is the order and application there, that a first-rate vessel of war of 106 guns, ordered to be commissioned by Sir Cloudesley Shovell, was ready in three days. 292101. [134], In 1928 Chatham Barracks was taken over by the Royal Engineers and renamed Kitchener Barracks. ). Something that really sets our city apart is our historic dockyard and the thousands of amazing and hard-working people that have worked there over the years, each contributing to the largest naval base in Western Europe in different ways. Most significantly, Chatham's first dry dock was opened in 1581 (for repairing naval galleys). Royal Field Artillery who died 10/05/1918 VIEILLE-CHAPELLE NEW MILITARY CEMETERY, LACOUTURE France ' Three decades after the last tradesmen laid down their tools, three ex-workers tell their story. Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust, [20], Among the vessels built in this Dockyard which still exist are HMSVictory (launched in 1765 and now preserved at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard)[22] and HMSUnicorn (a Leda-class frigate), launched in 1824 and now preserved afloat at Dundee). As some victualling yards also changed their names, you may need to search foralternative names: Click on the links below to search for a yard namewithin series: Gun wharves, where ships guns were stored, were the responsibility of the Ordnance Board. Dockyard personnel documents are usually arranged by yard, so for most searches it is vital to know the name of the yard where the person worked. Lower Boat House circa 1820 built as a storehouse for squared timber, and later to store ship's boats. [30] Work on the other docks and basins followed, with No 3 Basin finally being completed in 1883. It now houses, South Dock Pumping Station 1822, designed by, Commissioner's House 1704. I remember arriving at Chatham Dockyard in the Spring of 1954 to join H.M.S. It was 50 years ago these former Chatham Dockyard apprentices met for the first time. Initial enquires are responded to within 28 days. Regards Roger Haffenden. Joe said: "You had to have a sense of humour to have our job - you had to watch your back all the time!". Over 414 years Chatham Royal Dockyard provided more than 500 ships for the Royal Navy, and was at the forefront of shipbuilding, industrial and architectural technology. [34] Also with the 20th century came the submarine. They were given a tour of Chatham Historic Dockyard, now an award-winning tourist venue, and visited the Royal Engineers Museum in Gillingham. The old boys of the dockyard who still meet up for a pint Brewer: August 1980 August 1982. Use our catalogue to search within the records series listed below. dailyinfo[4]=' 13/927 Trooper James Werner MAGNUSSON Albert Medal Auckland Mounted Rifles, N.Z.E.F. (The covering of Chatham's slipways and dry docks, to protect the woodwork of ships as they were built or repaired, had begun with No 2 Slip and No 1 Dock in 1817). [15] (The old site was in due course transferred to the Ordnance Board, who established the gun wharf there.) "Killingholme" Royal Naval Air Service who died 27/04/1916 CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL United Kingdom ' [128], Within the space of 20 years, Chatham Barracks had taken on an additional role as the Army Dept of Recruits and Invalids: accommodating 'a mixed mass of people, viz. It made do with a single shipbuilding slip for much of the 17th century (a second slip, dating from the same period, had fallen out of use; it was replaced in the 1730s). As a result, it was acknowledged by 1771 that Chatham had no future as a front-line fleet base;[20] nevertheless, following a visit by the Admiralty Board in 1773, the decision was taken to invest further in Chatham, and to develop it as a building yard rather than a refitting base. Another member of the group, Brian Booker, 76, moved to Plymouth from Chatham in the South East and joined the dockyard in 1984, working there for six years before taking early retirement to care for his wife. It remained thus until 1958 when the yards were closed (the Army depot having served latterly as an atomic weapons research laboratory). He was Petty Officer Evan Thomas Ellis MZ205. [132], A Royal Commission of 1861 (set up in the wake of the Crimean War to improve the sanitary condition of Britain's Army barracks and Hospitals)[133] was scathing in its judgement of facilities at Chatham; in the years that followed several alterations were made to Chatham Barracks (which had changed little over the preceding century): an additional storey was added to several of the barrack blocks to help alleviate overcrowding, and new buildings were inserted among the old, containing improved facilities for cooking, washing and recreation. It came into existence at the time when, following the Reformation, relations with the Catholic countries of Europe had worsened, leading to a requirement for additional defences. [20], By the late 17th century a number of prestigious new buildings were erected (including the officers' residences, the clocktower storehouse and the main gatehouse), several of which are still in place. The principal records and how to search for them, A guide to the naval records in The National Archives of the UK, Friends of The National "The Dockyard holds lots of memories for me.. Joseph Farington (17471821) was commissioned by the Navy Board to paint a panoramic view of Chatham Dockyard (as part of a project to create a visual record of all six home yards) in 1785. There was space for some 500 horses and 1,000 men. Regards Roger Haffenden. Many homes have views of the River Medway. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited He says the dockyard here was a lot more relaxed than in Chatham. Cashiers' Office 18th century. Regularly taking the mickey out of each other, the group told Plymouth Live that it was crucial to have a good sense of humour. Poland, 5 September 1950 May 1951, Rear-Admiral John Y. Thompson: October 1958 February 1961, Rear-Admiral I.William T. Beloe: February 1961 December 1963, Rear-Admiral George M.K. If you can help Terry, email your details to njordan@thekmgroup.co.uk or call 01634 227800. [138], A barracks was built in Brompton from 1804 to 1806 for the Royal Artillery gunners serving on the defensive Lines (previously they had been accommodated in the Infantry Barracks). I have a copy of his Army Form 103 Casualty Form that traces his movement from CCS in Gallipoli to RNH Malta (although Im not sure which one but probably Bighi) back to UK but after that Ive drawn a blank. [122] A few later buildings have survived: a long brick shed of 1805, southwest of the Command House, which once housed carpenters, wheelwrights and other workers as well as stores of various kinds,[123] the adjacent building (machine shop, late-19th century) which now serves as a public library, and the building known as the White House (built as the Clerk of the Cheque's residence in 1816). By 1619, the new dockyard consisted of a new dry dock and wharf with storehouses, all enclosed within a brick perimeter wall. The dockyard, always pulled together and pulled out all the stops to get things done, especially for the navy. [128] The three-storey barrack blocks were aligned northsouth. Extended in connection with preparations for HMS, No 1 Machine Shop 1861. Mike, a freelance presenter who presented a Sunday evening show called Go North, covered countryside pursuits, book reviews and interviews with Portsmouth personalities. Chatham Dockyard Apprentices Published 12th Mar 2018, 19:00 BST - 2 min read. When young Robert started there in 1958, the docks employed 6000 people on a two-mile long site encompassing hundreds of workshops, offices and storehouses as well as its own police . The ropery. Chatham Historic Dockyard Trust is committed to helping the public who have enquiries about our collections. Both my Grandad and my Dad worked there. Chatham Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. The annual intake was usually restricted to ten applicants and we were required to attend the Dockyard School for three years and pay a weekly visit to the Royal Navy Barracks gym and swimming pool for training sessions by naval personnel.Our apprenticeship covered many departments including the Boat House, Mast House, Drawing Office, Joiners Shop, Paint Shop, Plumbing, Ship Repairs (rivetting, caulking etc. The Queens (Royal West Surrey Regiment) who died 15/04/1915 CHOCQUES MILITARY CEMETERY France ' He said: "It was traditional in my day, if your father was in the dockyard, you'd follow your father into the dockyard.". Under his supervision the site was developed to include sawpits, workshops, storehouses and a wharf with a treadmill crane (completed in 1580). Of his cartoon he adds: I hope it brings a little humour to what was the sad demise of a truly much-loved local radio station.. [27] It was partly to address this problem that the Admiralty undertook a huge building programme at Chatham, between 1862 and 1865, which quadrupled the size of the yard and provided specialist facilities for steam-powered ships with metal hulls. The barracks for other ranks were arranged in three rows, west of the parade ground, with soldiers sleeping sixteen to a room in eight double beds, as was standard practice at that time. In the interwar years, eight S-class submarines as well as X1 were built at Chatham but this was a period of decline.
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