For example, fratricide is a hazard categorized as an accident risk; surface danger zones and risk estimate distance are used to identify the controls, such as TRP and phase lines, to reduce this accidental risk. What are the strengths and weaknesses of subordinate leaders? How can I use these features to force the enemy into its engagement area, deny him an avenue, or disrupt his movement? A-34. Some types of clouds reduce the effectiveness of radar systems. This can require reduced aircraft payloads. A-21. During the war game, the leader visualizes a set of enemy and friendly actions and reactions. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress. This should include at least the employment of reserves, CBRN weapons, artillery or mortar locations and ranges, and reconnaissance assets. Strength Other events, such as disasters and those precipitated by military forces, stress and affect the attitudes and activities of the populace and include a moral responsibility to protect displaced civilians. Order Description . Suitable. to convey the operation in a doctrinal context. Most terrorists and insurgents depend on the support or neutrality of the civilian population to camouflage them. Using the results of all previous analyses done during mission analysis, the leader compares his unit's combat power strengths and weaknesses with those of the enemy. A-73. A mission is task and purpose clearly indicating the action to be taken and reason for the action. Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. Once he briefs the enemy analysis to his subordinates, he must ensure they understand differences between what he knows, what he suspects, and what he just templates (estimates). Prepare COA Statements and Sketches Conduct a Course of Action Briefing. Other critical conditions to consider include visibility and weather data, and events such as higher headquarters tasks and required rehearsals. In it, leaders show terrain mobility classifications, key terrain, intervisibility lines, known obstacles, avenues of approach, and mobility corridors. A-92. COA Sketch and Narrative A graphic and text description of the COA Should include: Scheme of Maneuver in chronological order A Main Effort action with task and purpose Supporting Effort actions with task and purpose Can use Close, Deep and Rear operations Phasing/ staging/ timing Developing a synchronization matrix here for each COA will be helpful during wargaming PDF From Visual to Logical Representation A GIS-Based Sketching Tool for Click the card to flip . A-75. Beginning with the decisive point identified during mission analysis, the leader identifies the decisive operation's purpose and purposes of his shaping and sustaining operations. This requires the leader to understand the laws of war, the ROE, and local situation. He assesses the ability of the attacking force to overwatch or support movement (with direct fire). We had legal weather; however, the weather report showed a dust storm in our flight path. With the preflight accomplished and the gear prearranged where we wanted it, we headed for the dining facility to grab dinner before our long mission. Sometime before sunset, I headed out to preflight the aircraft. The leader must not only appreciate how much time is available, but he also must be able to appreciate the time/space aspects of preparing, moving, fighting, and sustaining. Using the targeting methodology of D3A (decide, detect, deliver, and assess) may prove useful in determining whether a leader or influencer would best facilitate an operation, when to engage them, and what to expect. A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. Identifying a tentative decisive point and verifying it during COA development is the most important aspect of the TLP. . In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. A-44. of the enemy and update their enemy templates as new information or trends become available. Determine where events will occur that differentiate between EN COAs (these become NAIs) 4. If the leader determines his tentative decisive point is not valid during COA development or analysis, then he must determine another decisive point and restart COA development. Identify number of units needed and operational. How do I gain or maintain control of key terrain? Coa Statement And Sketch Example digitalpictures If the method isn't listed, select other. Determine the purposes to be achieved by the main and supporting. A-36. During mission analysis, the platoon leader . Research the weather reports and gain the knowledge you need. Current activities, capabilities, and limitations are some of the information necessary to build situational understanding. Visual Aids Leaders prepare a graphic depiction of terrain to help explain their findings about the effects of terrain and weather on the mission. Decisive point and what makes it decisive. OAKOC. Finally, given the scale with which the leader often develops his situation template, on a 1:50,000 maps, the situation template should be transferred to a graphic depiction of terrain for briefing purposes, as the situation allows. Analyzing METT-TC is a continuous process. Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. In analyzing the enemy, the leader must understand the Understanding these patterns helps leaders plan and execute information collection, combat operations, and logistical resupply. The decisive point might be where or how, or from where, the unit will combine the effects of combat power against the enemy. A-23. A-86. It is beneficial for flight crews to know the area's weather trends. Where will the enemy be unable to concentrate fires? This characteristic addresses terrain analysis from a civilian perspective. Reconnaissance is critical in developing the best possible enemy scenario. Recommended enemy situation template items. A-91. Consequently, this information must be protected from identification by the enemy. He includes the requirements of indirect fire to support the maneuver. A-43. Differences between the situation templates must be resolved before the leader can continue analyzing the enemy. Even if it offers clear observation and fields of fire, it offers nothing if the enemy can easily bypass it, or if the selected course of action involves maneuver on a different avenue of approach. Military aspects of terrain OAKOC are used to analyze the ground. For shaping operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which shapes the decisive operation. The leader also determines how to avoid enemy strengths or advantages in combat power. FRAGORDs. A-35. Is the enemy controlling this key terrain? People How can precipitation (or lack of it) add to the unit achieving surprise? Where will the enemy establish firing lines or support by fire positions? He reviews his commander's conclusions and identifies his own. Staff COA. Time analysis is often the first thing a leader does. A-78. Although the battle captain knew the environmental conditions, he told us we had legal weather and expected us to accomplish the mission. The leader also determines the capabilities of the next higher enemy element. These effects translate directly into conclusions applying to friendly or enemy COA. It, along with the platoons purpose, is usually assigned by the higher headquarters' OPORD in concept of operation or Tasks to Maneuver Units. Course-of-Action Development and Analysis - GlobalSecurity.org What additional assets are required to accomplish the mission? Will the sun rise behind my attack or in my eyes? The goal of this step, generating options, is to determine one or more of those ways quickly. The Coa Statement And Sketch Term Paper - 1240 Words Cover and concealment can be either part of the environment or something brought in by the unit to create the desired effect : A-57. Each COA the leader develops must be detailed enough to clearly describe how he envisions using all of his assets and combat multipliers to achieve the unit's mission-essential task and purpose. By defining organizations within the community, leaders can understand what groups have power and influence over their own smaller communities and what groups can assist our forces. He then develops the maneuver control measures necessary to convey his intent, enhance the understanding of the schemes of maneuver, prevent fratricide, and clarify the tasks and purposes of the decisive shaping, and sustaining operations. They must clearly understand their immediate higher up intent from the OPORD. However, they must conduct their own detailed analyses to determine how terrain and weather uniquely affects their units' missions and the enemy. From this analysis, he might be able to determine patterns in the enemy's employment or troops and equipment. The terrain, however, may favor defending or attacking. ATP 2-01.3 for more information. FM 7-30: The Infantry Brigade - Appendix I - GlobalSecurity.org War gaming is the process of determining "what if?" Lost opportunity, such as movement across terrain severely restricts the speed of traverse. Performance Knowledge Bases program is an example of an enabling tool towards that goal. Offensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: How is the enemy using obstacles and restricted terrain features? Considerations may include: A-99. b. Gaining complete understanding of the enemy's intentions can be difficult when his situation templates, composition, and disposition are unclear. Specified Tasks. Prepare COA statement and sketch Avenue of approach Key terrain COA Analysis (war game) Observation/fields *Action - Reaction - Counteraction* of fire Methods Cover and concealment Box. Template of enemy forces and essential weapon systems. War gaming is a critical step in the planning process and should be allocated more time than the other steps. This is key terrain which seizure, retention, or control is necessary for mission accomplishment. Risk assessment is the identification and assessment of hazards allowing a leader to implement measures to control hazards. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. Likewise, he must understand enemy doctrinal objectives. I expressed my concern and some uneasiness about the situation because our crews had been caught in dust before and knew the consequences. The COA must address the doctrinal aspects of the mission. I could barely see the ground. Defining other influential organizations or groups of influence allows for information collection. He makes the final selection of a COA based on his own judgment, the start time of the operation, the area of operation, the scheme of maneuver, and subordinate unit tasks and purposes. Assumptions We also obtained a report from the battle captain concerning the weather situation at the destination airfield. How can I use each avenue of approach to support my movement and maneuver? The mission is always the first factor leaders consider and most basic question: What have I been told to do, and why? It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA development, rather than an observation: A-48. He includes in this situation template the likely sectors of fire of the enemy weapons and tactical and protective obstacles, either identified or merely templated, which support defensive tasks.
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