Do you think race had any influence on the initial decision not to arrest Zimmerman, or on his later acquittal? 1 define 2 locate 3 study 1define 2locate 3study 6. Zimmerman was not arrested until April 11, when he was charged with second-degree murder by special prosecutor Angela Corey. A central challenge in clarifying the existence of an ethnic enclave presents when looking at the definition of ethnicity. Yes, the nation has many cultures, but they don't always melt into each other. The United Nations Security Council established Resolution 780, which states that ethnic cleansing is a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas.. While most white people are willing to admit that nonwhite people live with a set of disadvantages due to the color of their skin, very few are willing to acknowledge the benefits they receive. Ethnic enclaves are distinct from ethnic neighborhoods, which are communities where there is a distinct cultural attribute compared to the surrounding areas. A force that divides people and countries. These definitions correlate to the concept that the dominant group is that which holds the most power in a given society, while subordinate groups are those who lack power compared to the dominant group. Notable among these were German Anabaptists, also called Mennonites, who broke with their church, moved to Lancaster County in southeastern Pennsylvania, and founded the oldest and largest Amish ethnic enclave in America. Was there a deliberate attempt to manipulate public opinion? Enclaves tend to form in the presence of large migrant populations in an area, where there are financial resources or other types of capital (notably excess labor). Albert Practice Questions. 3.1 Understanding Race and Ethnicity - Introduction to Human Geography An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Well, this may not be entirely accurate. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. Consider how a community might increase solidarity by refusing to allow outsiders access. A suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic group. (In fact, many Japanese Americans continued to demonstrate their loyalty to the United States by serving in the U.S. military during the War.) British exit lead to ethnic conflict and the creation of Pakistan. We can examine issues of race and ethnicity through three major perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. * South East Asia Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. Ethnicity - AP Human Geography Flashcards | Quizlet Australia and Oceania: Human Geography - National Geographic Society Measure of the perceived differences between an immigrant ethnic group and the charter or host society. PDF Ethnicity - Alberto Vazquez Some argue that the spread of disease was an unintended effect of conquest, while others believe it was intentional citing rumors of smallpox-infected blankets being distributed as gifts to tribes. The idea of race refers to superficial physical differences that a particular society considers significant, while ethnicity describes shared culture. The site keeps a . This term was later used for communities where African Americans were segregated both legally and through social practices. PPT Erie's Public Schools / Erie's Public Schools | Erie Pennsylvania If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack Do you think race played a role in Martins death or in the public reaction to it? No, they were not legally forced into segregation, but did Jews or Italians or Irish immigrants always feel welcome or safe participating in mainstream American culture? Sometimes called the "first effective settlement" or "first self-perpetuating society" whose imprint affect modern cultural geography of an area. Every AP Human Geography Practice Test Available - PrepScholar Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. Today, there are a few situations that may be classified as a genocide. the language of the nomadic Lapp people in northern Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula, Strong economy (until very recently), reduced public ownership of major resources, Pound is very strong against the dollar, gained a following of rich merchants in the Netherlands, revolt against Habsburgs, Phillip sends Alva to pacify them, Pushed out of their region due to shrinking rain forest and distrust from govenments. Industrial cities like London, Sydney, or New York attracted immigrants from around the world with the promise of economic opportunities. View of human nature in Taoism and Confucianism. See our The mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to create an ethnically homogenous region. Another example is the European colonization of North America. Historically, Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders have been lumped into an umbrella . AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. An ethnic enclave can be most simply defined as a high number of people from the same ethnic group within a geographic area, distinct from the people in the areas around them. In the late nineteenth century, the rising power of black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited black political and social power. Voluntary ethnic enclaves are places where people of common heritage choose to live together in higher numbers than surrounding areas populated by people with different heritage. Although the assumption of a linear relationship may not be valid for the set of 23 flights, fit a simple linear regression model to predict O\mathrm{O}O-ring damage, based on atmospheric temperature. Important because this was the first settlement in Utah. Race, in biological terms, refers to a socially constructed way to identify humans based on physical characteristics, resulting from genetic ancestry. Separation of races into geographic areas ("homelands"); Forced migration of blacks into "homelands"; Established in South Africa after independence from the British Empire and in effect until the 1990s. When we examine race and how it can bring us both advantages and disadvantages, it is essential to acknowledge that the way we experience race is shaped, for example, by our gender and class. The indices employ a scale from zero to 100, where zero is the most integrated and 100 is the least. Redlining maps like this one in Philadelphia divided cities into neighborhoods and, as is the case with redlining, those within these neighborhoods had greater difficulty in securing homeowner loans from banks. Involves more than physical characteristics associated with race; also includes a person's perceived social and cultural identity. Overt discrimination has long been part of U.S. history. a group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural tradition, often living as a minority in a larger city. AP Human Geography Ethnicity Flashcards | Quizlet Social scientist, mile Durkheim calls racism a social fact, meaning that it does not require the action of individuals to continue. In July 2011, South Sudan became the worlds newest country when it voted to break away from Sudan. Identity as member of a nation/state; Legal status (citizenship); Allegiance (loyalty) to a nation/state. An ethnic enclave can be most simply defined as a high number of people from the same ethnic group within a geographic area, distinct from the people in the areas around them. An ethnic group can be described as a group of people who identify themselves as part of a group with a common heritage. Unprejudiced nondiscriminators are open-minded, tolerant, and accepting individuals. Concentrations of people from the same ethnicity in certain pockets of the city. Definition. A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country or ethnic group. - Definition & Explanation, Principle of Conditioning: Definition & Explanation, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Stereotypes are oversimplified generalizations about groups of people. These arguments were rejected, and the launch tragically took place. Additional examples of minority groups might include the LGBTQ+ community, religious practitioners whose faith is not widely practiced where they live, and people with disabilities. Ethnic neighborhood: An area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background. There is also the situation in Yemen, where Saudi Arabia is bombing cities and towns using U.S. weaponry to target Iranian militants has killed over 10,000 people and over 40,000 injured as of 2019. Cultural Ecology Origins & Overview | What is Cultural Ecology? The treatment of aboriginal Australians is also an example of genocide committed against indigenous people. Discrimination based on race or ethnicity can take many forms, from unfair housing practices to biased hiring systems. The oldest is in Manila, Philippines, but there is also a significant population in Bangkok, Thailand. An island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years. flashcard sets. However, for the rest of the year, other aspects of their originating culture may be forgotten. Ethnicity: Refers to a group of people who share a common identity. Ethnic Provinces. Beginning about 1500 BCE, sailors began moving east from the island of New Guinea. Identity with a group of people that share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular place as a result of being born there. A functionalist might look at functions and dysfunctions caused by racial inequality. As we discussed the social construction of race, since some people who claim a white identity have a greater amount of skin pigmentation than some people who claim a black identity, how did they come to define themselves as black or white? Assimilation describes the process by which a minority individual or group gives up its own identity by taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture. Belief that one race is superior to another. In light of a recent rash of break-ins, Zimmerman called the police to report a person acting suspiciously, which he had done on many other occasions. On the evening of February 26, 2012, he was visiting with his father and his fathers fiance in the Sanford, Florida multi-ethnic gated community where his fathers fiance lived. An error occurred trying to load this video. Report an Error On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. Ethnicity, like race, continues to be an identification method that individuals and institutions use todaywhether through the census, affirmative action initiatives, nondiscrimination laws, or simply in day-to-day personal relations. The farther they traveled, the more advanced their navigation became. Studies suggest that darker skinned African Americans experience more discrimination than lighter skinned African Americans (Herring, Keith, and Horton 2004; Klonoff and Landrine 2000). Examples of ethnic enclaves can be found across the world and throughout history, but they really became ubiquitous during the 19th century, with the first major waves of industrialization. The strong presence of immigrants is reflected in present-day ethnic neighborhoods: the Cuban "Little Havana" in Miami, Florida, U.S.; the Somali "Little Mogadishu" in Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.; the Korean "Koreatown" in Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and the North African "Little Maghreb" in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, are just a few. A lot moved to USA., * Prime example of mediation Africa: Human Geography - National Geographic Society At the other end of the continuum are amalgamation, expulsion, ethnic cleansing, and even genocide stark examples of intolerant intergroup relations. A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. Chinese traders and business people have developed trading posts that evolved into more substantial settlements as time passed. For example, actress Charlize Theron is a blonde-haired, blue-eyed African American.. In turn, the AP Human Geography exam focuses on how religion impacts elements of the cultural landscape, so focus your studies on how aspects of a religion affect the way people interact with each other. Geographic isolation, since the era of colonization and even before then, has significantly decreased in most areas of the world. The scenarios above are examples of individual discrimination, but other types exist. Sociologist Louis Wirth (1945) defined a minority group as any group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination. The term minority connotes discrimination, and in its social scientists use, the term subordinate group can be used interchangeably with the term minority, while the term dominant group is often substituted for the group thats in the majority. The Amish have since spread into the midwestern states as well, forming several ethnic enclaves across the U.S. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Contemporary conceptions of race, therefore, which tend to be based on socioeconomic assumptions, illuminate how far removed modern understanding of race is from biological qualities. A process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money or purchase or improve property within the boundaries. A relatively small area occupied by a distinct culture or ethnicity, which largely result from chain migration. Consider the way slave owners justified slavery in the antebellum South, by suggesting that black people were fundamentally inferior to white and preferred slavery to freedom. For example, many stereotypes that are currently used to characterize black people were used earlier in American history to characterize Irish and Eastern European immigrants. In the 1990s, the U.S. executive branch issued a formal apology for this expulsion; reparation efforts continue today. As you read through these theories, ask yourself which one makes the most sense and why. Trayvon left her home on foot to buy a snack from a nearby convenience store. The prevalence of ethnic enclaves is relatively recent and their general concept was first developed by Kenneth Wilson and Alejandro Portes in reference to Cubans in Miami during the early 1980s. An East African country of 12 million with its capital at Kigali; Site of a 1994 genocide in which the majority Hutu ethnic group attempted to murder all the minority Tutsi ethnic groups. Pluralism is represented by the ideal of the United States as a salad bowl: a great mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the flavor of the whole. A conflict theory perspective of U.S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the white ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the minority group. Ethnic identity can be used by individuals to identify themselves with others who have shared geographic, cultural, historical, linguistic, and religious ancestry; however, like race, ethnicity has been defined by the stereotypes created by dominant groups as a method of Othering. Othering is a process in which one group, usually the dominant group, views and represents themselves as us/same and another group as them/other.. On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded, and seven astronauts lost their lives. Language Development & Diffusion | What are the Most Spoken Languages? x_1+3 x_2+2 x_3 & \leq 600 \\ I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. As of 2022, UExcel exams are no longer being offered. Upon investigation after the tragedy, experts agreed that the disaster occurred because of leaky rubber O-rings that did not seal properly due to the cold temperature. Cultural traits; Identity with people who share cultural traditions of a particular homeland or hearth. This year long class will introduce students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alterations of the Earth's surface. Ethnic group. What THREE things are kept in mind when analyzing religious and ethnic groups? Settlers also enslaved Native Americans and forced them to give up their religious and cultural practices. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. In the early 18th century, Europeans escaping religious persecution (that began in the 16th century) fled to the British colonies in North America. Moreover, the term minority groups describe subordinate groups, or that lack power in society regardless of skin color or country of origin. a suburb with a concentration of a particular ethnic group. Expulsion has often occurred historically with an ethnic or racial basis. Ethnic Cleansing History & Examples | What is Ethnic Cleansing Small, rural areas settled by a single ethnic group as opposed to ethnic neighborhoods or enclaves, which are urban. Humans and human ancestors have lived in Africa for more than 5 million years. Symbolic Ethnicity Overview & Examples | What Is Symbolic Ethnicity? Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders (AANHPI) poor or inadequate adaptation that occurs when a group pursues an adaptive strategy that, in the short run, fails to provide the necessities of life or, in the long run, destroys the environment that nourishes it. PBS has created an exciting website called RACE The Power of an Illusion that looks at whether race indeed is a biological characteristic of humans or a social construct. Prejudiced nondiscriminators are those who hold racist beliefs but do not act on them, such as a racist store owner who serves minority customers. For the next five decades, blacks were subjected to legalized discrimination, forced to live, work, and go to school in separatebut unequalfacilities. Thus, classifying people by their race with any accuracy is difficult. Ethnic religion: Religion that is identified with a particular ethnic or tribal group and that does not seek new converts. With forced emigration, concentration camps, and mass executions in gas chambers, Hitlers Nazi regime was responsible for the deaths of 12 million people, 6 million of whom were Jewish. Particularly in the South, these neighborhoods became known as ghettos, as places of forced racial segregation. Also known as the Holocaust, the explicit goal of Hitlers Final Solution was the eradication of European Jewry, as well as the destruction of other minority groups such as Catholics, people with disabilities, and LGTBQ+ individuals. It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state. In your AP Human Geography class, you'll learn about the dynamics of societies around the world in economic, social, political, and environmental contexts. Do Mexican, Somali, or Syrian immigrants always feel welcome outside of enclaves being formed today? This course focuses a lot on ideas and models, along with terminology that defines the ways in which we've chosen to inhabit and change our surroundings. Want to create or adapt books like this? At first glance, it appears that ethnic cleansing and genocide are similar. Most biologists, geographers, and social scientists have all taken an official position rejecting the biological explanations of race. Does society fear black men, leading to racial profiling at an institutional level? In the United States, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 in 1942, after the Japanese governments attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States has a longstanding claim of being a melting pot of cultures. A person who subscribes to the beliefs of racism. Helpful videos for students of AP Human Geography. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. For example, ethnic groups such as Irish, Italian American, Russian, Jewish, and Serbian might all be groups whose members are predominantly included in the white racial category. In either case, the stereotype is a generalization that does not take individual differences into account. Privacy Policy and Institutional discrimination can also include the promotion of a groups status, such in the case of white privilege, which is the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group. Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular country. Institutional discrimination occurs when a societal system has developed with embedded disenfranchisement of a group, such as the U.S. militarys historical nonacceptance of minority sexualities (the do not ask, do not tell policy reflected this norm). In relatively recent history, between 1890 and 1920, the United States became home to around 24 million immigrants. Ethnice geography. For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide powerful symbols as sources of identity. In modern times redlining is a practice that encourages segregation through policies restricting or denying benefits to certain groups of people or certain areas and has historically affected African Americans who were denied mortgages for homes. A state that contains more than one ethnicity. Ethnicity and Geography Ethnicity is important to geographers because its characteristics derive from the distinctive features of particular places on Earth. While these have existed for all of recorded history, they became ubiquitous features of industrial cities as immigrants started migrating en masse. Data indicating the atmospheric temperature at the time of 23 previous launches and the O-ring damage index are stored in 0-Ring. Moreover, as with race, individuals may be identified or self-identify with ethnicities in complex, even contradictory, ways. - Definition, Examples & Types, Collective Behavior: Crowd Types, Mobs & Riots, What Is Civil Disobedience? However, it can also stand on its own as a destructive group interaction. It is worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. Intergroup relations (relationships between different groups of people) range along a spectrum between tolerance and intolerance. This seafaring culture developed almost entirely from its geography. Example: where chinese ethnic groups migrated - china town becomes part of landscape, a readily visible marker of ethnicity on the landscape that strikes even the untrained eye, the regions of the world that were known to Europeans before the discovery of the Americas. Voluntary enclaves are seen as generally positive as they usually result in stronger social capital, more employment opportunities, and a chance for familiar cultural interaction. Another example of racist practices is racial steering, in which real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from specific neighborhoods based on their race. The largest ethnic group in the world without a homeland; Divided among several nationalities including Turkish, Syrian, Iraqi, and Iranian nationalities. There were allegations of racial profilingthe use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someonea national discussion about Stand Your Ground Laws, and a failed lawsuit in which Zimmerman accused NBC of airing an edited version of the 911 call that made him appear racist. Ethnic Island. Describes a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other. an American whose first language is Spanish, an artificial language based on words common to the Romance languages. It is essential to distinguish between de jure segregation (segregation that is enforced by law) and de facto segregation (segregation that occurs without laws but because of other factors). federal states B. autonomous republics C. multistate nationsD. The first is in Myanmar, where the Buddhist govrenment has been systematically driving out Muslim populations called Rohingya. This means that 79 percent of either blacks or whites would have to move in order for each neighborhood to have the same racial balance as the whole metro region (Population Studies Center 2010). Ethnicity A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race. 140 lessons The term ghetto, as we're using it here, refers to the European tradition of creating segregated neighborhoods for Jews. Discuss. Why? Understand what an ethnic enclave is, identify the causes of ethnic enclave formation, and see examples of ethnic enclaves in history. How planned this genocide was remains a topic of contention. AP Human Geography: Unit 3 | Barron's Some groups may keep only symbolic gestures of their original ethnicity. In Southeast Asian Chinese enclaves, Chinese people have been known for their business acumen, running import and export businesses, Chinese restaurants, and banks. The Ultimate AP Human Geography Study Guide - PrepScholar Ghettos are a type of involuntary ethnic enclave where specified groups of people are forced to live together because of segregation. Identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor. Thousands of civilians have been killed, with millions more displaced by the violence. The best example of a nation among the following is. The first ethnic group to establish cultural norms in an area. According to Charles Wagley and Marvin Harris (1958), a minority group is distinguished by five characteristics: (1) unequal treatment and less power over their lives, (2) distinguishing physical or cultural traits like skin color or language, (3) involuntary membership in the group, (4) awareness of subordination, and (5) high rate of in-group marriage.
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