During the wars aftermath, approximately four million enslaved people were freed, and a Republican-controlled Congress moved swiftly to protect their rights and restore the Confederacy to the Union. Why was the presidential election of 1888 noteworthy? In the 1870s, the United States faced an economic downturn. Why did the Democratic-Republican Party fall apart in the 1820s? The Presidential election of 1876 pitted Republican Rutherford B. Hayes against Democrat Samuel Tilden. After a first count of votes, Tilden had won 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes from four states unresolved. Why did the number of white male voters increase between the elections of 1824 and 1828? And its weighty consequences still resound today. Cookie Settings, one of the most bitterly contested presidential elections in history, removal of the last federal troops from Louisiana, Five Places Where You Can Still Find Gold in the United States, Scientists Taught Pet Parrots to Video Call Each Otherand the Birds Loved It, The True Story of the Koh-i-Noor Diamondand Why the British Won't Give It Back, Balto's DNA Provides a New Look at the Intrepid Sled Dog. Radical Reconstruction | History, Causes, & Effects | Britannica 5 Remarkably Close U.S. Presidential Elections, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876, Social Studies for Kids - The Election of 1876, Maps of World - U.S. Presidential Election 1876, U.S. presidential election of 1876: Tilden/Hendricks campaign broadsheet. Why were the Republicans successful in the presidential election of 1860? (Lyons Press, 2017), which chronicles some of history's most famous disappearances. Why was the presidential election of 1860 really two separate presidential elections? Election of 1876: Hayes Became President - ThoughtCo It was one of the most contentious presidential elections in American history. Privacy Statement All Rights Reserved. Its resolution involved negotiations between the Republicans and Democrats, resulting in the Compromise of 1877, and on March 2, 1877, the counting of electoral votes by the House and Senate occurred, confirming Hayes as President. How did this downturn MOST affect the Presidential Election of 1876? [25], Ultimately, all three of Oregon's votes were awarded to Hayes, who had a majority of one in the Electoral College. The platform opposed secret societies and monopolies. Samuel J. Tilden, the governor of New York, strongly appealed to delegates from Southern states, and on the first ballot he led Thomas A. Hendricks, the governor of Indiana. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Why did the presidential election of 1876 anger Democrats? The Constitution provides that "the President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the [electoral] certificates, and the votes shall then be counted." They. Why was the presidential election of 1852 significant? Why was the presidential election of 1872 significant? A severe economic depression followed the Panic of 1873, and scandals in the Grant administration had tarnished the party's reputation. This action marked the effective end of the Reconstruction era, and began a period of solid Democratic control in the South. The 1876 election took place at a remarkable time in American history. In 1877, Congress convened to settle the electionand their solution proved to be the beginning of the end for Reconstruction in the south. The justices first selected the independent Justice David Davis. The Democratic platform pledged to replace the corruption of the Grant administration with honest, efficient government and to end "the rapacity of carpetbag tyrannies" in the South. Eminent counsel appeared for each side, and there were double sets of returns from every one of the states named. hist Flashcards | Quizlet What sets the election of 1876 apart from the election of 2020 the most is that lawmakers had ample evidence of widespread voter repression against newly enfranchised African Americans in the post-Confederacy Southand therefore good reason to doubt the veracity of election results. Why did the Democrats win the presidential election of 1856? Why was the presidential election of 1860 unusual? How this animal can survive is a mystery. He withdrew troops from the Reconstruction. Why did the Federalists lose the presidential election of 1800? Hayes would also have to agree to name a leading southerner to his cabinet and to support federal aid for the Texas and Pacific Railroad, a planned transcontinental line via a southern route. United States presidential election of 1896 - Britannica At the same time, key decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court struck at the protections afforded by Reconstruction-era constitutional amendments and legislation. After U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant declined to seek a third term despite previously being expected to do so, U.S. Representative James G. Blaine emerged as the frontrunner for the Republican nomination. Why was the presidential elections of 1896 important? To approach a question 400 million years in the making, researchers turned to mudskippers, blinking fish that live partially out of water. ", Hayes was a virtual unknown outside his home state of Ohio, where he had served two terms as a representative and then two terms as governor. Why did the Democrats lose the presidential election of 1928? The Prohibition Party, in its second national convention in Cleveland, nominated Green Clay Smith as its presidential candidate and Gideon T. Stewart as its vice presidential candidate. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Jackson's elections were the first in which all white men could vote. Why did the South secede following the presidential election of 1860? How the 1876 Election Tested the Constitution and Effectively Ended The most extreme case was in South Carolina, where an impossible 101 percent of all eligible voters in the state had their votes counted,[22] and an estimated 150 Black Republicans were murdered. Then came a presidential election that changed everything. The results of the presidential election of 1876 anger many Democrats because The Republican Congress gave the presidency to the Republican candidate. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. These troops had been in place since the end of the Civil War and had helped enforce the civil and legal rights of many formerly enslaved individuals. Just a few days following the election, Tilden appeared poised to narrowly clinch the election. Why did the Republicans win the presidential election of 1896? Ten years later, the debacle would also result in a long-overdue law: the Electoral Count Act of 1887, which codified electoral college procedure, as Shafer reports for the Post. The 1876 United States presidential election was the 23rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1876, in which Republican nominee Rutherford B. Hayes faced Democrat Samuel J. Tilden.It was one of the most contentious presidential elections in American history. In the months during and preceding the election, mobs known as red shirts patrolled voting stations and threatened, bribed and murdered black voters. The 1876 election also has a fraught legacy: After months of bitter fighting, lawmakers made a fateful compromise that put Hayes in office by effectively ending Reconstruction, leading to a century of intensified racial segregation in the South. The presidential election of 1876 was arguably the most contentious and disputed in American history. Morton, a senator from Indiana and that states former governor; Benjamin Helm Bristow, the U.S. secretary of the Treasury (187476) and successful prosecutor of the Whiskey Ring; and Rutherford B. Hayes, the governor of Ohio. Anti-Blaine delegates could not agree on a candidate until his total rose to 41% on the sixth ballot. No antebellum slave state would be carried by a Republican again until the 1896 realignment, which saw William McKinley carry Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky. Republican leaders in return agreed on a number of handouts and entitlements, including federal subsidies for a transcontinental railroad line through the South. The Democrats held their convention two weeks later in St. Louis, Missourithe first time a national convention was held west of the Mississippi. We soon fell into a refreshing sleep, Hayes later wrote in his diary about the events of November 7, 1876. Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library, Presidential Election of 1876: Significance, Issues & Summary. Using the strategy of the Mississippi Plan, the groups actively suppressed both Black and White Republican voter turnouts by disrupting meetings and rallies and even using violence and intimidation. To date, it remains the election that yielded the highest voter turnout of the eligible voting-age population in American history, at 82.6%. The U.S. Presidential Election of 1896: Tariff policy and monetary supply reform were the central issues of the 1896. not c As Reconstruction continued, which of the following groups increasingly deserted the Republican Party? Omissions? It also marks the official end of the Reconstruction Era the 12-year period after the Civil War, designed to help reunify the country after the crisis of secession. The convention considered three potential presidential candidates: Charles F. Adams, Jonathan Blanchard, and James B. Walker. Why did southern Democrats agree to the Compromise of 1877? Meanwhile, the Democratic platform called for immediate reform of the federal government and, to forestall Republican charges of sectionalism, committed itself to the permanence of the Federal Union. It also called for civil service reform and restrictions on Chinese immigration to the United States. The Supreme Courts rulingthat the 14th Amendments promise of due process and equal protection covered violations of citizens rights by the states, but not by individualswould make prosecuting anti-Black violence increasingly difficult, even as the Klan and other white supremacist groups were helping to disenfranchise Black voters and reassert white control of the South. A new discovery raises a mystery. No Republican presidential candidate until Warren G. Harding in 1920 would carry any states that seceded and joined the Confederacy. This page was last edited on 30 April 2023, at 07:32. Why was the 1968 election a turning point in U.S. political history? It was the second of five U.S. presidential elections in which the winner did not win a plurality of the national popular vote. Ultimately, Congress appointed Hayes the winner in a back-room deal with consequences that reveberate today. Corrupt bargain - Wikipedia The Hayes-Tilden election was so controversial it spawned todays vote counting process. In the 1876 election, accusations of corruption stemmed from officials involved in counting the necessary and hotly contested electoral votes of both sides, in which Rutherford B. Hayes was elected by a congressional commission . , according to social psychologists, which of the following characteristics makes two people least likely to develop a lasting romantic relationship? As Jason Slotkin reports for NPR, a group of Senate Republicans announced that they will vote to reject electors from states they consider disputed if Congress does not form a commission to investigate their claims of voter fraud. Why did Northern Republican support for Reconstruction diminish in the 1870's? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Why did Alfred Smith lose the presidential election of 1928? "You had two political parties competing throughout the . But a severe economic downturn in 1873 had plunged the country into its severest depression to date, with widespread unemployment and plummeting cotton prices that hampered the Souths postwar economic recovery. Among the challengers to Blaine were Roscoe Conkling, a senator from New York and a prominent Republican leader in the post-Civil War period; Oliver H.P.T. Why did the Populists lose the presidential election of 1896? ", Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/news/reconstruction-1876-election-rutherford-hayes, How the 1876 Election Tested the Constitution and Effectively Ended Reconstruction. in. Why was the presidential election of 2000 controversial? Although 1876 marked the last competitive two-party election in the South before the Democratic dominance of the South until 1948 and that to of the Border States until 1896, it was also the last presidential election (as of 2020) in which the Democrats won the wartime Unionist Mitchell County, North Carolina;[28] Wayne County, Tennessee; Henderson County, Tennessee; and Lewis County, Kentucky. In February, at a meeting held in Washingtons Wormley Hotel, the Democrats agreed to accept a Hayes victory and to respect the civil and political rights of African Americans, on the condition that Republicans withdraw all federal troops from the South, thus consolidating Democratic control in the region. Updated: November 27, 2019 | Original: March 17, 2011. Those from Louisiana were signed by the Democratic gubernatorial candidate and those from South Carolina by no state official. Major General Winfield Scott Hancock from Pennsylvania. Why did the Democrats lose the presidential election of 1860? Why did the presidential election of 1860 cause the Civil War? . Many southern whites had resorted to intimidation and violence to keep blacks from voting and restore white supremacy in the region. ", "What in the Word?! Why did the Republicans win the presidential election of 1952? In the late 19th century, the Democratic Party's base was centered in the South and focused on state rights. "[26] Grant quietly strengthened the military force in and around Washington.[25]. Why was the presidential election of 1896 a watershed presidential election? About midnight on his way home from a play in New York City on Election Day in 1876, Daniel Sickles stopped by Republican national headquarters at the Fifth Avenue Hotel. Hayess unblemished public record and high moral tone (as well as his deep sympathy toward the South) offered a striking contrast to widely publicized accusations of corruption in the Grant administration. But Grant's administration and the Republicans generally had been beset by scandals and allegations of corruption, such as the Crdit Mobilier Scandal and the Whiskey Ring. Rutherford B. Hayes wins 1876 presidential election by one Electoral Each of the disputed state election cases (Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina) was respectively submitted to the commission by Congress. Hayes proponents realized that those contested votes could sway the election. That selection proved decisive. Known as the Jim Crow laws (after a popular minstrel act developed in the antebellum years), these segregationist statutes governed life in the South through the middle of the next century, ending only after the hard-won successes of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. The Compromise of 1877 might be a reason for the Democrats accepting the Electoral Commission. Why was there controversy around the presidential election of 1876? Why is the election of 1896 considered a watershed moment in American politics? Cookie Policy During intense closed-door meetings, Democratic leaders agreed reluctantly to accept Hayes as President in return for the withdrawal of federal troops from the last two Southern states that were still occupied: South Carolina and Louisiana. On Election Day that November, the Democrats appeared to come out on top, winning the swing states of Connecticut, Indiana, New York and New Jersey. She can be reached through her website, noramcgreevy.com. Only one ancient account mentions the existence of Xerxes Canal, long thought to be a tall tale. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Presidential Election of 1876 - 270toWin On March 2, the congressional commission voted 8-7 along party lines to award all the disputed electoral votes to Hayes, giving him 185 votes to Tildens 184. Inside South Africas skeleton trade. Hayes agreed to cede control of the South to Democratic governments and back away from attempts at federal intervention in the region, as well as place a Southerner in his cabinet. In addition, accusations of corruption within the administration of Ulysses S. Grant and an economic depression had heightened discontent with the Republican Party, which had been in the White House since 1861. The commission adjourned on March 2. Why was the presidential election of 1948 a surprise? Terms of Use
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