Aplastic anemia can be treated with medications, blood transfusions, and even bone marrow stem cell transplants. Anemia is a condition where you have a lower-than-typical count of RBCs. SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Aplastic Anaemia. FACT: The Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines can have side effects, but the vast majority are very short term not serious or dangerous. Serological tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus produced negative results. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenia following SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: 32Years of passive surveillance data. The .gov means its official. 2022;63(9):1067-1077. doi: 10.11406/rinketsu.63.1067. I also couldn't find anything that suggests a link between Pfizer vaccines and low iron. Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. All COVID-19 vaccines available in the U.S. are safe for people with sickle cell disease. Following his second dose, he noted fevers, diarrhea, vomiting, severe fatigue, and dark urine. Rahman A, et al. My husband gives blood regularly. In addition to T lymphocytes and cytokines, autoantibodies are involved in the development of AA as immunological factors [4]. 1 Its important to note that most of the research into outcomes for COVID-19 and anemia has been done in hospitalized individuals. Eur J Haematol. Symptoms of submucosal fibroids include: 3. (2018). (See "COVID-19: Vaccines".) FOIA Diet might not be enough to bring his levels to where they are healthy again. Patient 1 is a 25-year-old man diagnosed with PNH 6 months prior in the setting of hemoglobinuria and had limited disease manifestations not requiring PNH-directed therapy. 1. It is important to follow up closely this kind of patients after SARS-CoV2 vaccination, we suggest weekly complete blood counts, and a short courses of high dose dexamethasone can induce curable responses if treatment is advised. PMC The titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 before the conditioning regimen and 63 days after the HSCT were 540 and 34.9 U/mL (reference range, <0.8 U/mL), respectively (Fig. COVID-19 can lead to a variety of Aplastic anemia following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccine. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Chronic cold agglutinin disease after a third COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Four days before his visit to the clinic, he had received a second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (three weeks after his first dose). Anemia can happen in people who have COVID-19. Published April 20, 2023 at 8:20 AM EDT. Furthermore, S1 does not appear to bind erythrocytes (data not shown). The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests. She had a favorable clinical Connect with thousands of patients and caregivers for support, practical information, and answers. The most common adverse effects following the vaccination are flu-like symptoms such as soreness, fatigue, myalgia, headache, chills, fever, joint pain, nausea, muscle spasm, sweating, dizziness, flushing, feelings of relief, brain fogging, anorexia, localized swelling, decreased sleep quality, itching, tingling, diarrhea, nasal stuffiness, Autoimmune cytopenias can be trigger by vaccines and viral infections by involving molecular mimicry and circulating immune complexes, including SARS-Cov2. Hsu CM, Weiner DE, Manley HJ, Aweh GN, Ladik V, Frament J, Miskulin D, Argyropoulos C, Abreo K, Chin A, Gladish R, Salman L, Johnson D, Lacson EK Jr. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. The following is the Supplementary data to this article: National Library of Medicine 2 Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, 2022 Sep 28;3(4):1442-1444. doi: 10.1002/jha2.570. The only change in has been receiving the vaccine. (2019). The FDA has granted breakthrough therapy designation to an investigational respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate, mRNA-1345 from Moderna, for individuals 60 years and older. 2021;138:293298. View this study on Beta.ClinicalTrials.gov, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) testing showed DRB1 04:05 04:05, which is not associated with a high frequency of AA. Twelve with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, 5 secondaries to previous COVID-19 and 7 preexisting. Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: what we know and do not know. UConn will no longer require students to receive the COVID Most of these reports have linked vaccination to the development of autoimmune disease based on clinical observations of temporal associations. Hemolytic anemia is when RBCs are destroyed faster than they can be replaced. At 28 days, participants will receive the 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. There are "de novo" and relapsed autoimmune diseases in patients with COVID-19 that includes autoimmune thrombocytopenia, Evans syndrome and autoimmune hemolytic anemia among others (Hematology 2021;26:225-239 and Curr Rheumatol Rev 2021;17:193-204). The measurement of vaccine antibody titers before and after allogeneic HSCT may provide a clue to the pathogenesis of vaccine-related autoimmune diseases. COVID-19 and Immune-Mediated RBC Destruction. 8600 Rockville Pike Introduction. Yes. Aplastic anemia following varicella vaccine. Young N.S. Taiwan also ranks fourth-highest for coverage rates of at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose and third-highest in terms of vaccine boosters administered. Another 2021 study of 137 people with COVID-19 found that participants with anemia were 8.2 times more likely than participants without anemia to have severe pneumonia. COVID-19 treatments and medications. In patients with severe disease, deposition of terminal complement and microthrombosis have been observed in the lung, skin, kidney, and heart.14 Recently, we demonstrated that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein leads to amplification of the alternative pathway of complement on cell surfaces through competition with complement factor H (CFH) for binding heparan sulfate.5 Thus, in vitro, the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can convert an inactivator surface to an activator surface on nucleated cells. To treat the low blood counts, early treatment involves easing symptoms. Although causality was not proven in this case, further evaluations are warranted to assess the associations between vaccines and AA. All Rights Reserved. In this patient, antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were detected both before and after the HSCT. We have safe and effective vaccines that protect against COVID-19 infection. Patient 3 is a 32-year-old woman with a 10-year history of PNH on ravulizumab with her last dose 4 weeks prior to vaccination. The online version of this article contains a data supplement. The FDA has granted breakthrough therapy designation to an investigational respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate, mRNA-1345 from Moderna, for individuals 60 years and older. 2). Epub 2021 Nov 10. Is there a particular reason why he is donating so frequently? One of the most feared adverse reactions to vaccines is the development of autoimmune disease. Some of the side effects that occur after vaccination, such as fever, muscle aches and pain, and fatigue, may resemble symptoms related to an underlying condition. After leaving a vaccination provider site, if you think you or your child might be having a severe allergic parameters. Correspondence: Robert A. Brodsky, Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross Research Bldg, Room 1025, Baltimore, MD 21205; e-mail: brodsro@jhmi.edu. Further epidemiological evaluations of the incidence of AA after COVID-19 infection and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are warranted. He saw his physician and she suspected some type of internal bleeding based on the staining (x40) of the bone marrow after the administration of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine showed a markedly hypocellular marrow. Before Shah C., Lemke S., Singh V., Gentile T. Case reports of aplastic anemia after vaccine administration. 2023 Apr 17:103340. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103340. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Am. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. This means that less dietary iron is absorbed from your digestive tract and that the iron already in your body doesnt move out of storage. People with COVID-19 can develop anemia due to increased levels of inflammation in the body. eCollection 2023 Feb. Jacobs JW, Booth GS, Guarente J, Schlafer D, Zheng L, Adkins BD. Data are shown as mean standard error of the mean of duplicate wells. The site is secure. The allogeneic BMT was conducted at 34 days after the 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was administered. Although evaluating the associations between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the development of autoimmune diseases is important, no method for assessing such relationships has been established. Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information. ). In this patient, antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were detected both before and after the HSCT. Aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. Dolberg O.J., Levy Y. Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35020. Iron supplements and drugs that stimulate RBC production may also sometimes be recommended. You have reached the maximum number of saved studies (100). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Epub 2022 Oct 29. Dudley M.Z., Halsey N.A., Omer S.B., Orenstein W.A., O'Leary S.T., Limaye R.J., et al. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. Patient 1 had a presumptive thrombotic manifestation. Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood produces a lower-than-normal amount of healthy red blood cells. Seroresponse to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines among Maintenance Dialysis Patients over 6 Months. She missed 2 doses of danicopan immediately after her second vaccination due to concerns that the drug may interfere with vaccine potency; therefore, danicopan was not at therapeutic levels at the time of her reaction. Among patients with SARSCoV2 infection (also known as COVID19), pneumonia, respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome are frequently encountered complications. Three patients developed Hb levels below 7 with anemic syndrome and platelets below 50,000 but without purpuric syndrome; they received the same treatment as patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia and reached complete remission too. (2021). Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. Malnutrition likely plays a role. Written consent for publication was obtained from the patient. ). To the best of our knowledge, only six cases of newly diagnosed acquired AA have been reported after vaccination [[7], [8], [9], [10], [11]] (Table 1 The allogeneic HSCT replaces the recipient's hematopoietic and associated immune systems with those of the donor. 2021;5(8):e618. Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. Other hematologic complications are uncommon. Cureus. Based on these observations, we sought to evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein directly leads to increased hemolysis. Complement has emerged as a likely driver of the immune response and end-organ damage in COVID-19. He received the Pfizer vaccine and his blood which has never been low in iron was low in iron. None of these patients were previously transfused in the past year. Here, we report a case of AA that developed after the administration of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and discuss the association between AA and vaccination. COVID-19 with anemia is typically treated by managing COVID-19 and its symptoms. 2021 Nov;61(11):3267-3271. doi: 10.1111/trf.16672. Tests for immunoglobulin G against cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus produced positive results, but were not indicative of virus reactivation. More than 3.35 billion vaccine doses have been administered worldwide, equal to 44 doses for every 100 people, as of the beginning of July 2021.1Vaccines approved by licensing authorities generally encode spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which encodes spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2. The titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured before and after the HSCT to examine the association between the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine the patient received and the development of AA. D-dimer was elevated to 0.73 g/mL fibrinogen-equivalent units from 0.21 g/mL. The only change in has been receiving the vaccine. designed research, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; and all authors reviewed the manuscript and approved the final version. A 2020 study included people who had mild to critical COVID-19. https://bioiron.org/news/iron-stories/normal-iron-hemoglobin-levels-covid19-vaccination.aspx COVID-19 disease and autoimmune disorders: A mutual pathway. Symptoms may include: Abnormal paleness or lack of color of the skin Irritability Lack of energy or tiring easily (fatigue) Increased heart rate (tachycardia) Sore or swollen tongue Enlarged spleen (2021). 2023 Feb 15;15(2):e35020. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. For original data, please e-mail the corresponding author. These results suggest that the AA was ameliorated by the allogeneic HSCT even though anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies continued to be detected after the HSCT. Read our, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04915820, Interventional Copyright 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Search for other works by this author on: Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases. Evaluation of neutrophil count, The X-axis indicates the number of days after the 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was administered. He saw his physician and she suspected some type of internal bleeding based on the blood test, He had an upper and lower endoscopy. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 1. She presented to a local hospital, where she was noted to have a 3 g/dL hemoglobin decrease and received 2 units of packed red blood cells. Insights into new-onset autoimmune diseases after COVID-19 vaccination. WebWe report the case of a patient who developed immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after the Moderna COVID-19 messenger ). 2016;55(6):715. https://bioiron.org/news/iron-stories/normal-iron-hemoglobin-levels-covid19-vaccination.aspx. My husband has never had any history of anemia or low iron. Careers. Between December 2020 and June 2021 there were identified 53 patients with autoimmune hematological disease that completed SARS-Cov2 vaccination. What are the treatment options for anemia and COVID-19? FOIA Symptoms. -, Franchini M, Liumbruno GM, Pezzo M. COVID-19 vaccine-associated immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT): diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for a new syndrome. The literature search focusing on COVID-19 vaccine administration in patients with asplenia did not yield any results. Intern Med. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Co-Occurring Hemolysis and Methemoglobinemia After COVID-19 Infection in Patient With G6PD Deficiency. Please remove one or more studies before adding more. Anemia in patients with COVID-19: Pathogenesis and clinical significance. Research has found that COVID-19 with anemia is associated with more severe symptoms in people hospitalized for COVID-19. We are not medical professionals, and cannot give medical advice, but we can tell you what has worked for us, point you to resources, and help you to be and informed consumer and your own best advocate with your care providers. Tarawneh O., Tarawneh H. Immune thrombocytopenia in a 22-year-old post Covid-19 vaccine. MeSH COVID; COVID vaccine; autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hematology oncology; hemolysis; rheumatology. Gregorio Campos-Cabrera, Francisco-Gerardo Torres-Salgado, Salvador Campos-Cabrera, Jose-Luis Campos-Villagomez, Virginia Campos-Cabrera; Autoimmune Cytopenias and Covid-19 Vaccination: Relapse and Suggested Treatment. government site. aNHS preincubated with and without S1 was added to the erythrocytes. We report a case in which AA developed after the administration of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. All five patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia secondary to COVID-19 developed Hb levels below 7 with anemic symptoms and needed treatment as described. S.C. has served on advisory boards for Alexion and Sanofi-Genzyme, and her institution has received research funding on her behalf from Takeda. (2022). The transplanted cells collected from the donor's bone marrow were transfused into the patient after the removal of red blood cells and plasma. Learn more. EDTA added to serum serves as an inhibitor of hemolysis. The development of various autoimmune diseases has been reported after COVID-19 infections or vaccinations. They are going to try the camera endoscopy next week. He began feeling more tired over the next two months. Tinnitus has been reported in individuals whove contracted COVID-19. However, its important to remember that every person is different and that your recovery can depend on many factors, including age, overall health, and vaccination status. An official website of the United States government. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia. Anemia during SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with rehospitalization after viral clearance. It may take up to 24-30 weeks for your body to replace the iron lost through a blood donation. This study provides insight into the mechanism of pharmacodynamic breakthrough precipitated by COVID-19 vaccination in patients with PNH on ravulizumab. A 2021 review of 5 studies included a total of 9,623 people hospitalized with COVID-19. The vaccine developers report that some people experience pain where they were injected; body aches; headaches or fever, 2022 Dec;133:102915. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102915. He received the", "My husband gives blood regularly. Acute-type acquired hemophilia A after COVID-19 mRNA vaccine administration: A new disease entity? However, in general, AA is not recognized as a vaccine-related adverse event [12]. For this reason, people with COVID-19 who have anemia typically have poorer outcomes. Various cases of vaccine-related autoimmune disease have been reported. He began feeling more tired over the next two months. Lee E.J., Cines D.B., Gernsheimer T., Kessler C., Michel M., Tarantino M.D., et al. WebThe following are the most common symptoms of iron-deficiency anemia. Individuals without access to the internet or who are unable to schedule their appointment online can call toll free 2-1-1 or (877) 211-6277 for assistance. Autoimmun. Radwi M., Farsi S. A case report of acquired hemophilia following COVID-19 vaccine. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Sonnweber T, et al. ), and the Jack LevinC. Our study objective is to assess whether iron deficiency anaemia in young women impairs their immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine, and whether iron treatment improves their response. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. BMT, bone marrow transplantation; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CyA, cyclosporine A; TAC, tacrolimus. Nurse getting ready to administer a vaccine. Five days after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, he developed abdominal pain leading to evaluation in an emergency department. We report a case of severe AA that arose after the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine Thank you for submitting a comment on this article. Epub 2022 Feb 10. I am not aware of any reports of iron depletion in the blood post Pfizer vaccine and when doing a quick search for information, did not come up with any either. WebNow scheduling COVID-19 vaccine appointments for ages 12+ Schedule a vaccine appointment COVID-19 vaccine FAQs. To understand the link between COVID-19 vaccination and the development of AA, the following needs to be examined: the exploration of autoantibodies against stem cells, the role for molecular mimicry between mRNA vaccine encoded antigens and stem cells, and T-cell subset dynamics after vaccination. We are a community of people living with a", "Hello @stellm. "Good afternoon and welcome to Mayo Connect. This case suggests that the measurement of vaccine antibody titers before and after allogeneic HSCT may provide clues to the pathogenesis of vaccine-related autoimmune diseases. The allogeneic BMT was conducted at 34 days after the 2nd dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was administered. (2023). 1 Although the pathophysiology underlying severe COVID19 remains poorly understood, accumulating evidence argues for hyperinflammatory sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire globe. Why Should I Register and Submit Results? Iron and iron-related proteins in COVID-19. On the evening after his first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, he experienced fever, headache, myalgia, and severe fatigue, which lasted 6 days. Immunothrombotic dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with respiratory failure and coagulopathy, Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19, Direct activation of the alternative complement pathway by SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins is blocked by factor D inhibition, Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine, Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, How I treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on cellular heparan sulfate and ACE2, Disturbed sialic acid recognition on endothelial cells and platelets in complement attack causes atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, Heparan sulphate identified on human erythrocytes: a Plasmodium falciparum receptor, Anti-complement treatment for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: time for proximal complement inhibition? doi: 10.1128/Spectrum.01036-21. These events and reported side-effects could be simply temporally related rather than directly attributable to vaccination. Bergamaschi G, et al. The measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers was performed by SRL, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) using the Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Blood 2021; 137 (26): 36703673. Disclaimer. Hemolysis is not increased with addition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 to PNH erythrocytes. Yes. Rehabilitation Committee of Hematological Diseases, Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine;, et al. 2018;379:16431656. Smoking may cause the opposite of anemia symptoms elevated hemoglobin levels. Four of 6 patients reported fever. Therefore, it is important to collect information about their adverse events. Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding between or during periods. Panel B: H.E. The patient in this case underwent allogeneic HSCT. Before Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. There are no funding sources associated with the writing of this manuscript. There are no funding sources associated with the writing of this manuscript. He began feeling more tired over the next two months. If you donate a Power Red, you lose twice that amount, about 470 mg of iron. Last medically reviewed on March 9, 2023. Adverse reactions appear time-limited and can be managed with supportive care and transfusions as needed. The efficacies of the Covid-19 vaccines have not been as high as initially reported. Reported cases of newly diagnosed aplastic anemia after vaccinations. WebWith respect to COVID-19 vaccines, evidence is that vaccine efficacy is remarkably high, , , even among premenopausal women and older populations in whom iron deficiency and HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; N.A., not applicable; SARS-Cov-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Let's look at why and how to get support to stop drinking: While not as serious as other causes of chest pain, anemia-related chest pain can be a sign that your current treatment plan isn't working. Patients were aged 25 to 63 years, had PNH granulocyte clones of 80%, and had not received transfusions in the past year. WebStep 1: Find a location and schedule your appointment. Epub 2021 Nov 30. In late February, 2021, a prothrombotic syndrome was observed in a few individuals who received the ChAdOx1 CoV-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca, University of Oxford, and Serum Institute of India), an adenoviral vector-based vaccine. Arepally G.M., Ortel T.L. Go to the Blood Cancers & Disorders Support Group. Briefly, type O-positive red blood cells from 1 patient with PNH and 1 control were collected. Vaccines often underperform in Africa compared to high-income countries. A 73-year-old male patient with a medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery bypass grafting, and iron deficiency anemia received the first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination on 21 st, 2021. Lenehan PJ, et al. UConn previously required all students to be COVID-19 vaccinated starting in 2021 during a surge of the pandemic to maintain the health and safety of the UConn community. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor. Bergman P, Blennow O, Hansson L, Mielke S, Nowak P, Chen P, Sderdahl G, sterborg A, Smith CIE, Wullimann D, Vesterbacka J, Lindgren G, Blixt L, Friman G, Wahren-Borgstrm E, Nordlander A, Gomez AC, Akber M, Valentini D, Norlin AC, Thalme A, Bogdanovic G, Muschiol S, Nilsson P, Hober S, Lor K, Chen MS, Buggert M, Ljunggren HG, Ljungman P, Aleman S; COVAXID-collaborator group (shown separately). I am not aware of any reports of iron depletion in the blood post", "Yes. Why vaccines do not work as well in Africa remains uncertain. However, no method for assessing the relationships between vaccines and the development of autoimmune diseases has been established. Before Aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow failure syndrome. Ashok Shenoy K., Prabha Adhikari M.R., Chakrapani M., Shenoy D., Pillai A. Pancytopenia after recombinant hepatitis B vaccine--an Indian case report. Sometimes there are coincidences. The introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has drastically reduced the transmission rate of the disease. WebIt measures white and red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin (cells that carry oxygen) and hematocrit (volume of red blood cells). Laboratory tests showed that his white blood cell count (1.6109/l) and platelet count (11109/l) were decreased. However, most cases of COVID-19 with anemia have been reported in people who were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Bookshelf Anemia was mostly mild and associated with inflammation. Yes. Is the COVID-19 thrombotic catastrophe complement-connected? They also have higher death rates. Has there been any reports of iron depletion in the blood after receiving the Pfizer vaccine?
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